296 THE KEY. J. MAGENS MELLO^ U.A., F.G.S., ETC., ON 



and Mr. Allen Brown, in a paper that he kmclly sent me the 

 other day, points out what he considers a transition form between 

 the PalfBolithic and N^eolithic types both at Spiennes and also at 

 Cisbury ; but I think it is the exception. 



I do not think the break betAveen the Pala?olitliic and the 

 N'colii.hic ages can be bridged over simply by implements, because 

 we find such a marvellotis similarity in implements in the case of 

 conntries widely separated, as I have already pointed out. We 

 have these celts, so similar, all over the world, and not only in the 

 New "World, but also the old woi'ld, and yet I suppose one would 

 hardly say that the American forms were directly derived from 

 those of Europe. Man seems to have hit on similar modes of 

 fashioning his implements in almost all parts of the world. 



As to the question of the break, although 1 am inclined to think 

 that at present there is no clear evidence that there is a gradual 

 passing of the Palseolithic into Neolithic civilization, yet, of course, 

 it is very probable indeed that at some points in Europe, Neolithic 

 man may have come into dii-ect contact with the older Palceolithio 

 races which I have assumed to have retreated, with the reindeer,, 

 to the north, and to be 2'epresented by the Esquimaux and other 

 tribes of the present day. I might just give you a contrast as 

 drawn up by Mons. de Mortillet between the Palgeolithic and 

 Neolithic ages. " End of (1) Pal. — Cold climate, dry, extremes of 

 temperature ; Neo. — Tempei'ate and much more uniform climate. 

 (2) Pal. — The mammoth, the last of the great extinct species, 

 is present; Neo. — Mammoth extinct. (3) Pal. — The chamois, 

 marmot and roe in the plains ; Neo. — The marmot, etc., retreated 

 to the mountains. (4) Pal. — The reindeer, saiga antelope, 

 wapiti, glutton, grey bear, etc., found in mid-Eui'ope ; Neo. — These 

 animals have retreated to the north. (5) Pal. — The hjena and large 

 felines present ; Neo. — These have disappeared. (6) Pal.^Na 

 domestic animals present; Neo. — Domestic animals abundant." 

 We have had the question raised this evening as to the find 

 by Mr. Woodward of the Celtic short-horn. That was unknown 

 to me, I did not know it had been found, and if so, I shall 

 have to classify the short-horn amongst Palteolithic animals. 

 "(7) Pal. — Man of one type; Neo. — Types of man various. 

 (8) Pal. — Population nomadic; Neo. — Population settled." It 

 seems to me that that is an important distinction we find in the 

 Neolithic age, that people were in fixed dwellings practising 

 agriculture, whereas in Palaeolithic times all seem to be nomads. 



