PRIMITIVE MAN : II. NEOLITHIC MAN. 297 



and hunters -without exception. " (9) Pal. — Men are hunters 

 and fishermen — no agriculture ; 'Neo. — Agriculture developed. 

 (10) Pal. — Stone implements unpolished ; Neo. — Many imple- 

 naents polished. (11) Pal. — 'No pottery; Neo. — Pottery in use." 

 Pottery is also found in the Kjokkenmoddings. "(12) Pal. — No 

 monuments of the dead ; Neo. — Cromlechs, etc. (13) Pal. — No 

 formal burial or respect for the dead ; Neo. — The dead are care- 

 fully buried." 



There is one other thing I did not allude to in my paper which 

 Monsieur de Mortillet points out, viz. : — that in the PalEeolithic 

 age the artistic sentiment, towards the close of the Madeleine 

 epoch, was highly developed. The Palseoliths were undoubtedly 

 artists and artists of great feelings whei^eas in the Neolithic times 

 the artistic element appears to be absent from amongst the people. 

 The question as to whether the bones found were bones of dogs or 

 wolves is interesting, but I have not gone into it. Large dogs 

 would be difficult to distinguish from wolves. I rather fancy, 

 from what I have read, that the Kjokkenmoddings dogs are, mo.st 

 of them, too small to be mistaken for wolves ; but 1 am not 

 perfectly certain as to that. The question of the irajDlements of 

 the Kjokkenmoddings being unpolished I do not think bears much 

 on the question as to their age, because the polishing of the 

 Neolithic implements, although it is very chai'acteinstic of the 

 state of human culture, is not essentially characteristic — for 

 instance, you might find hundreds, I might say thousands, of 

 unpolished specimens against a few polished ; yet no one could 

 possibly mistake implements of that type for paheolithic imple- 

 ments. Their forms are essentially Neolithic in character though 

 unpolished. Polishing does not prove very much. With regard 

 to the sitting or crouched posture in burial, of cour.se what I 

 stated as to its meaning is a mere speculation. It is a funny idea 

 to put jDeople in that position to be comfortable. If so, there is 

 still a feeling that there is to be an after existence, and that they 

 wanted a position in which they could feel happy, and it seems to 

 show a kind of idea on the part of those who buried them that 

 consciousness was not extinct and that there was a spiritual 

 existence. An allusion has been made to the cup hollows. I 

 might say that there is one of the Creswell caves — a particular 

 cave called " The Pinhole," in which is one of these cup hollows, 

 where to the present day the inhabitants are in the habit of 

 dropping pins with the superstitious idea of its bringing them luck. 



