x PREFACE. 
recently made by some known English and Foreign writers 
who have asserted that the Garden of Eden of the Bible 
was In the neighbourhood of Babylon, and answered to the 
old Babylonian Gan duniya: he refers to the map embodying 
the latest surveys made by Indian officers as supporting his 
contention.* Among those taking part in the discussion 
upon this paper are Sir J. W. Dawson, C.M.G., F.R.S., Major 
C.R. Conner, R.E., D.C.L., LL.D., Professor SAYCE, @Dags 
Mr. T. PrncHES, of the Department of Assyrian Antiquities 
at the British Museum, (the late) M. BERTIN, and others. 
“On Islam,” by the Rev. W. St. Ciair Tispaut, M.A.: 
the author discusses “Its Origin, Strength, and Weakness,” 
with a view to correcting the increasing and dangerous 
misapprehension existing In some quarters as to the character 
of Muhammadanism ; adding quotations from acknowledged 
original authorities, so that the paper may be used in 
conducting arguments with opponents of high culture: the 
discussion thereon was taken part in by Sir THEODORE 
Forp, Major C. R. Conner, R.E., D.C.L., LL.D., the Rev. Dr. 
Ka@.LuE, the Rev. H. LANSDELL, D.D., M.R.A.S8., and other 
Eastern travellers. ‘On the Reality of the Self,’ by Mr. 
W. L. Courtyey, M.A., LL.D. “On Philosophy and Medical 
Knowledge in Ancient India,’ by Surgeon-General C. A. 
GorpOoN, M.D., C.B., Q.H.P., &c.: in the discussion of this 
paper Sir JOSEPH Farrer, K.C.S.I, M.D., F.R.S., took 
occasion to give the results of his investigations as to the 
history of the Science of Medicine in the East in ancient 
* Mr. Rassam, a Chaldean and native of Assyria, has travelled much 
in Mesopotamia, Armenia, and Kurdistan, and has long been connected 
with Assyrian and Babylonian researches ; his paper also contains im- 
portant remarks on the “mistaken and doubtful conjectures” on the 
above and other important Biblical sites, which have of late crept into 
certain educational works. 
