DUALISM OF BRAHMANICAL AND ZOROASTRIAN PHILOSOPHERS. 25 
REMARKS ON THE FOREGOING PAPER. 
The Rev. F. A. Orpr-Warp, M.A., writes :— 
In reference to Sir M. Monier Williams’s remark that “the 
number one, indeed, appears to have assumed the character of a kind 
of God,” &c., and other allied remarks in his paper, I would briefly 
call attention to the Pythagorean doctrine, as rightly interpreted by 
Prof. Ferrier, in his “‘ Institutes of Metaphysic”’ (the high water 
mark of English thought), p. 94. ‘‘ Theory of Knowing,” prop. IJ, 
section 18: “ Whatever is to be known must be known as one, or as 
many, or as both; but whatever is to be known can be made one only 
by being referred to one self; and whatever is to be known can be 
made many only when each of the plurals has been made one by 
being referred to one self ; and whatever is to be known can be made 
both one and many only by the same process being gone through, 
7.e., its unity and its plurality can only be effected by its reduction 
to the wnity of self.” This necessary method of knowing, embedded 
in the very constitution of the mind, seems to me singularly 
fruitful in its suggestions. It evidently leads to Monism, as the 
inherent and fundamental principle of Nature. The popular 
notion, that Pythagoras taught things were already numbered by 
Nature as one or many, and we re-number them as they emerge 
within the horizon of knowledge, is too absurd to be entertained 
fora moment. Dualism and Pantheism, when really thought out 
to their logical limits, must land the enquirer in pure and simple 
Monism or Monotheism. Is it possible for minds constituted like 
ours to think Dualism or Pantheism? It is easy to talk of them, 
but that is little. The current counters of metaphysics are too 
often mere verbal signs, that correspond to nothing and mean 
nothing. To adapt Tertullian’s saying, ““O testimonium anime 
naturaliter monotheistice.” 
In connection with the Vedantic dogma, ‘‘the union of the one 
essence with illusion from all eternity,” it is curious to find a 
popular doctrine now that God governs us (as children) by illusion, 
Preropmev yap apt 60 écomtpou ev aiviynars. And in his ‘ Institutes 
