CHINESE CHRONOLOGY. V7 
about whom I have had occasion to speak so abundantly. 
“The mythical emperor, Hwang Ti,” it is said, “may be 
identified with Na Khunta, who, according to the Susian 
Texts, was the chief of the gods. Among the ancient 
Chinese, Hwang Tiwas known as Kon Ti, and his distinctive 
name is given as Nak. In some of the dictionaries of the 
older forms of the characters, these two names are represented 
in one group of characters which are to be read Nak- kon-ti, 
This resemblance of name is sufficiently striking sl ak 
And, again, “Chinese records speak of Nai-hwang-ti, 1.e., 
Nakhonti.” 
Such is the proof. It is not worth while to controvert 
the metamorphosis of the modern sounds Hwang Ti into 
Kon-ti or Khun-ta; but the assertion that the distinctive 
name of the personage was Nak is amusingly wrong. His 
distinctive appellation was Ya Hsiung shih, meaning “the 
possessor or Lord of Hsiung,” Hsiung being the name of the 
territory or principality which he originally held by descent. 
The other assertion, that in some dictionaries he appears 
under the style of Hsiung Hwang Ti,is equally baseless, and 
evidently made by the writer to support his argument. He 
appears, indeed, as Yi Hsiung Hwang Ti, the shih being 
dropped, but never the initial Yu. The Hsiung, it 18 con- 
tended by those who deal in the restoration of the old sounds, 
was pronounced /iong. But where did the writer get the 
transmutation of it into Nai and Nak? This seemed to me 
to verge on literary dishonesty, till I happened to look one 
day into the Chinese chronological tables of the late Mr. 
Mayers, where I found that he, giving the Chinese characters 
correctly, yet transliterated the distinctive or personal appel- 
lation by Yai Nai Shih. That he, a competent scholar and 
careful writer, should write ndi instead of Asiung is a remark- 
able instance of the humana incuria. The writer in the 
Quarterly Review probably never looked at the Chinese 
character, and no doubt thought that its sound was correctly 
transliterated by ndi. There being in Yu Hsiung neither an 
initial n nor an a, the identification of Hwang Ti with Nak- 
hunta of course passes away like the baseless fabric of a 
vision. 
According to Canon Rawlinson in his Five Great Monarchies 
of the Ancient Eastern World, Nakhunta, or in full Kudur- 
Nakhunta, was the first of the Elamite Kings, who constitute 
the first historical dynasty of Chaldea, commencing in 
B.c. 2286. He says that the meaning of Kudur-Nakhunta is 
thought to be the exact equivalent of that of the name 
