PHILOSOPHY AND MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE IN ANCIENT INpDIA. 241 
later. With reference to the doctrines expressed in them, it 
has been questioned whether they were more or less due to 
Greek influence; but Mr. Colebrook, the highest authority 
on the subject, is of opinion that in this instance the Hindoos 
were the teachers, not the learners. 
Besides the six schools enumerated, there is a later system, 
known as the Puranik, and the Eclectic. The doctrines 
therein expressed have been obtained from the Mahabarata. 
They inculcate the doctrines of Bhakti, 7.2, faith; and exalt 
the duties of caste above all other obligations, including those 
of friendship and kindred. Its philosophy is pantheistic ; 
but it claims “adoration as one with the great universal 
spirit pervading and constituting the universe.”* 
APPENDIX B. 
Comparative Mythology. 
Between the mythology of the Hindoos and that of the 
ancient Greeks and Romans an affinity has been discovered 
of so conspicuous a character as in the opinion of various 
competent writers to point to the existence of a distinct con- 
nection between them. A few examples must here suffice— 
In Ganesa, the god of wisdom of the Puranas, we discover 
some characteristics of Janus of the Romans. Manu or 
Satyavrata, child of the Sun, otherwise Time personified, re- 
presented by Saturn. 
Yama or Dharma Rajah, god of the dead brother of Manu 
or Time, otherwise Minos, supposed son of Jove. The triple 
divinity of Brahma,the great law-giver, Vishnu, the preserver, 
and Siva or Mahadeo, the destroyer or regenerator, as Jupiter, 
“father of gods and men,” that trinity being worshipped 
under various names. As Siva destroyed the Daityas or 
children of Diti who rebelled against heaven, so Jupiter, in his 
capacity of avenger or destroyer, overthrew the Titans and 
Giants. As Vishnu is sometimes represented as riding on 
Garuda, a species of eagle, as Brahma presented Siva with 
fiery shafts, so did an eagle bring lightning and thunder- 
bolts to Jupiter. Siva is represented as having had three 
eyes; a statue of Jupiter (Zeus) is said to have been dis- 
covered at the capture of Troy, B.c. 1184, having a third eye 
in the forehead, signifying that he reigned in heaven, in the 
infernal regions, and over the waters. Siva also, as Mahadeo 
* From Dawson’s Dictionary of Hindoo Mythology. 
