WHITE] PARAPHERNALIA AND RITUAL 131 



when they went from Shipap (the place of emergence) to h'ak'oaik'iitc" 

 (the simrise). 



Before a dance the masks are taken from their storeroom and 

 refurbished for the ceremony. Feathers and flowers are put on, and 

 they are freshly painted. The paints used are prepared as follows: 



Blue green. — Made from a rock secured in the mountains west of 

 Acoma. It is called mo'ock' (I presume it is a copper ore). First, 

 the rock is ground into a fine dust; then it is boiled in pitch. When 

 if, gets thick it is allowed to cool. It is then made into balls. In 

 this condition it is put away for use. When painting a mask one 

 puts some of this substance into his mouth with eagle feathers. He 

 chews it for some time and then blows it onto the mask (the breath 

 is expelled with it, giving the effect of a spray). Cow's milk is then 

 blown from the mouth onto the mask to make the paint bright and 

 shiny. 



Black. — Chimney soot is mixed with the white of an egg and ap- 

 plied with a stick, such as is used to paint pottery. For the eyes, 

 the soot is mixed with the .yolk of the egg. 



Yellow. — A yellowish rock is ground fine, and the dust mixed with 

 water. The sediment is thrown away after being allowed to settle 

 twice. The third accumulation of sediment is kept. It is mixed with 

 the yolk of an egg and is applied with a pottery paint brush. 



Red. — A red clay (i'pc' k'uk'anic) is used. It is applied with the 

 pottery paint brush. 



Blue. — This is purchased at the trader's store. 



A coating of white paint is put on the mask, covering it completely, 

 before the designs are painted on. 



Kachina Dolls (K'atsina O'ak) 



These are made of wood, painted, and decorated with feathers and 

 flowers. They are given to children by masked dancers during cere- 

 monies. The children treat them with great care and respect. 

 (Fig. 4, d.) 



Rock Carvings 



Southeast of Acoma there are some cliffs whose faces contain many 

 carvings. (Fig. 6.) There are pictures or representations of the sim, 

 of k'atsina, lightning, geometric designs (significance unknown), of 

 female genitalia (see account of the k'atsina naiyu), a few deer, a 

 human hand, etc. South of Acoma there is a great rock with a slender 

 pinnacle rising to a height of almost 300 feet (estimated). On the 

 side of this column there is a great picture of the sun, carved in the rock 

 and painted. There are also some carved paintings of k'oBictaiya. 



