230 ISLETA, NEW MEXICO [eth. axn.47 



PIBA 



Gen. I , 



12>33, brother's daughter's son, his godchild. 

 33>r2, mother's father's brother, his godfather. 

 33>1, piba te'e, mother's father's father. 



TOKAiYu (k.\itu) 



12>22, mother's brother's daughter. She liaving tlie same Spanish name as 



the daughter of 12. 

 22>12, father's sister's son. (See al)ove.) 



PRINCIPLES OF KINSHIP NOMENCLATURE AND COMPAR.\TIVE 

 DISCUSSION 



Descent, whether paternal or maternal, is indicated only in the 

 grandmother terms, there being distinctive terms for father's mother 

 and mother's mother; but even this distinction was not foBowed 

 with care by my infonnants who seemed entirely indifferent to the 

 principle of descent. We note with interest, however, that the term 

 for mpther's mother is the grandmother term used in the folk tales. 

 The collateral terms do not express descent. There are, to be sure, 

 several terms for aunt, and possibly in some families these may be 

 applied differently to father's sister or mother's sister. Here, cer- 

 tainly, Keresan mfluence might be expected, and we are led to com- 

 pare the Isletan terms, ky'uu, aiya, ia, with k'uya, father's sister 

 (Laguna), and naiya, mother and mother's sister (Laguna); yaya or 

 ya, vocative, mother, aimt (San Fehpe); iya, vocative, mother, aunt 

 (Santo Domingo).** AMien the Isletan term for aunt, ky'uu, is used in 

 connection with ritual functions, it is always the father's sister who 

 is referred to, and Lucinda, with her Lagima associations, always used 

 ky'uu to mean father's sister, and ke'chu (mother great) for mother's 

 sister with reciprocals Lnuwei and unpyuwei. Ia, she insisted, was 

 merely short for the personal name Maria. 



There are several variations in usage of kinship terms between my 

 informants. Just as Lucinda never used the ia term for aunt, Juan 

 Abeita never used the ke'chu term. Lucinda favored son-daughter 

 terms for junior collaterals; Juan Abeita, brother-sister terms. 

 Comparison of the appUcations from Genealogies I and II with those 

 from Genealogies III and IV will show other minor variations. Such 

 variation in family usage has been observed in kinship nomenclature 

 in other towns. It suggests that kinship nomenclature is not a 

 stable trait among the Pueblos. 



The sex of the speaker and of the person addressed is frequently 

 expressed, although not consistently, e. g., there are distinctive terms 

 for son and daughter, but there is none for grandson or granddaughter. 



" Parsons, 12: 201, 202. Note, however, that ia is the Taos term for lather's sister. 



