264 



ISLETA, NEW MEXICO 



The masks are of buckskin with long ears; *^ they are painted all 

 white or all yellow or all red. (Fig. 4.) The Grandfathers wear 

 a coat and trousers of buckskin; and a collar of spruce, and, as noted, 

 they carry a whip of yucca blades. The Grandfathers are referred to 

 in English as watchmen. 



The Grandfathers of the Black Eyes are: Domingo Martinez, aged 

 30, belonging to the Blue Corn (tutenehu) ; Ramon Zuiii or Psepalo, 



aged 25, of the La- 

 guna Fathers (see 

 p. 268) and of the 

 White Corn; Cre- 

 scencio Arnnjo or 

 Kapu (tip small), 

 aged 30, White 

 Corn ; vnth the 

 town chief, as 

 noted, making the 

 fourth. 



The shure' 

 Grandfathers are: 

 Patasio Zuni or Tau (shuttle), aged 30, White Corn; Francisco 

 Martinez or Mati (scooping in, grinding), aged 24, Blue Corn (tutenehu) 

 (he is brother of Domingo Martinez, the Black Eyes Grandfather) ; 

 Lelo Montoya or Shiupseto (eagle road marked), aged 20, All Colors 

 Corn (shichu). 



9. LIWA OR KACHINA CHIEF (cHAKABEDE) 



His ceremony includes the Spruce or pinitu dance of September 

 25-October 5, with the advent by night of the supernatural Ijwale. 

 Chakabede appears to have no other function. 



The chakabede is lala'kab (willow tip) or Pablo Polaka. He is 

 commonly called by his title chakabede; he is 40; *^ Yellow Corn; 

 Black Eyes. He was assistant to his predecessor, Juan Rey Montoya. 

 His male assistant is Jos6 Trujillo or Pabu, 30; Yellow Corn; shure'. 

 His female assistant who grinds his prayer stick paint is Paxo (water 

 grain). 



10, 11. MEDICINE SOCIETIES 



Curing by cleansing or exorcising is the distinctive function of these 

 two groups, with minor fimctions of weather control, jugglery, and 

 thief catching. In general they have the powers of clairvoyance and 

 of prediction, powers which are attributed to them so insistently and 

 in such high degree in comparison wdth any like references in other 



s* The Black Eyes of Taos were once possessed of such masks. 



•• At another time he was said to be 60, having held office 20 years or i 



