P4KS0NS1 RITUAL 281 



pald'mu. The town chief is the custodian of the supply of tliis 

 tobacco.^- Corn husk wrapping is used; also cane. A small stone 

 pipe is said to be used in the medicine societies. As usual, the smoke 

 is puffed in all the directions which are accoimted five — east, north, 

 west, south, and, as a single direction, up and down and middle — • 

 the circuit beginning, as we see, in the east; and smoke is puffed in 

 the direction of any supernatural who is being addressed, as for ex- 

 ample toward the river, for the Water people — "he thanks the Water 

 people with smoke" — or upward again to the sim in the solstice cere- 

 monies, or when the sun is asked to help in the race.^'^'' 



Sacrosanct objects are also smoked, e. g., the "mothers" on the 

 ground altar, the bowl of medicine water, ritual water from the river, 

 the scalps. 



There is the same belief as elsewhere that ritual smoking produces 

 clouds and rain.*' Also that by smoking, game, deer or rabbits may 

 be blinded or bewildered. 



In ritual smoking, on giving the cigarette the giver says ka'a; the 

 recipient rejoins tatu'u. 



All ceremonial requests are made by the offer of the cane made 

 cigarette, e. g., the application for services of a medicine man or, 

 in the emergence tale, of him who is to become town chief,** and a 

 request thus made has, as elsewhere, a compulsory character. For 

 example, a medicine man who is thus asked by a runner to give him 

 power ** apparently has to give it, although it is against the rule to 

 aid one townsman against another.*^ 



A cigarette may be offered with prayer feathers *^ or after being 

 smoked the remainder may be left in offering,** as in the folk tale of 

 how they began to race for the sun were the three cigarettes for the 

 patron spirits of the Laguna Fathers. Tobacco of itself may be 

 offered with crumbs of food as in ant-curing ritual. WTien a man 

 attends the ceremony of a Corn group not his own, he presents the 

 group with some tobacco. 



The black and red pigments *' of the moiety groups are offered to 

 the sun in the irrigation ceremony. (See pp. 319, 320.) 



M Compare p. 257. 



M« Compare Boas, 297, 



i3 Compare pp. 361, 387, 389, 390. 



" See p. 364. 



" A medicine man can also affect a race by tbrowing a powder toward the one he would hare lose. (Cf. 

 Lumholz, I: 284.) 



« See p. 328. And yet sick cases can be refused. I heard of a certain man who having severe pain in one eye 

 applied for treatment which was denied him because "he was a mean man." He was told to go to the 

 white doctor who would cure him by taking out his eye. He did go; his eye was removed, and now he has a 

 glass eye. 



•' See p. 275. 



" Jemez and Zuni practice. (Cf. Benavides, 46.) 



» Offering of pigments is both Tewa and Plains Indian practice. 



6066°— 32 19 



