342 ISLETA, NEW MEXICO 



At another time this prayer was said to be addressed to the evening 

 star (tarape paxolade, asking or prayer star). This star is identified 

 with the morning star (pyyu paxolade, bright star) which is described 

 in its course as "jumping three times." And of this star it was said 

 that "When Jesus was born the morning star came out," *'' — a com- 

 ment of interest in view of the identification elsewhere of the star 

 and Jesus.*" 



The sun, Ukewise, is thought of as having three stations — to the 

 east, pathywetoe', or at turshanminai (simrise), at pienai, middle or 

 noontime place,** when he stands still and descends through the gate 

 of the sky to visit his children, a visitation which finds constant ritual 

 expression,*^ and at turkiminai, sunset, to the west, fieruwetoe'. The 

 two sons of the sim '" are red stars next the sun. For some of the 

 constellations there are names, for Orion's belt, piun, fawns "' (pi. 

 17); for the Pleiades, niakochuin, meaning tumbled, as a child may 

 be called tumbled head; for two stars together called koun, bear 

 (? little bears); for a circular group with a star in the center called 

 nadorna, wheel; for the Dipper, tuun, from tuurde, meaning ci-adle. 

 A comet is called pawilade awikye, star tail(?) news, and is a sign of 

 war. Was not a comet to be seen before the war with Germany? 

 From the fact that women and children do not attend ceremonial 

 relating to the stars "because the stars are mean," I incline to think 

 that the stars have been associated with war. . . . People will 

 sprinkle meal to the stars at night. Of solar or lunar eclipse it is 

 said merely that "they cover each other up," imnabotiban; the idea 

 of sun or moon dying was unfamiliar. From the above prayer to 

 sun it is plain that he is thought of as a diurnal traveler. The solstice 

 ceremonies and the springtime races are referred to as held "to help 

 the sun to be strong on his journey (semiannual)" or "to help him 

 run" — for tliis reason "they clothe him." 



Lightning (upinide) and thunder (huwanide, koanida) can be 

 summoned by the medicine men and directed at will. Lightning has 

 a punitive function."^ There is a lightning stone fetish ; also a thunder 

 stick (koanla). Also a "rain people" fetish. There are Water people 

 associated with the river, distinctive spirits in the Pueblo pantheon 

 at large. Rainbow (berkwi) is represented in the pantheon pictured 

 on the walls of the chamber of the Laguna Fathers (pi. 17). Wind 

 old man (wahiH) or our father wind (kikaawei walason) is re- 

 ferred to; he has his own ritual; besides the medicine men take out 



*•* Compare Laguna, Parsons, 3; 2.=)6. 

 '' As among the Tepecano. 

 *6 Sbna, middle time, " when the sun stops." 

 s« See pp. 293, 328 and compare Dumare«t, 217. 

 ^ See p. 402 where they are rainhow and sun halo. 



•' Compare Tarahumare term. Deer. (I.umholtz, I. 436.) The Mexicans call this constellation estrella 

 Maria. Throughout Spain it is called " las tres Marias." 

 " Sec pp. 279, 388, 455 and compare Tewa, Parsons, 17; 54. 



