FARSONS] SUPERNATURALS 343 



to him the "bad things" they have exorcised to bear away "where 

 nobody lives"; also Beads old woman (kodihuu) who is to be identi- 

 fied with the woman of hard substances known in the west; Clay old 

 woman (namburuHu) to whom the women sprinkle meal, going to the 

 hill where she lives to ask for her clay; mother Fire old woman (kefeHu) 

 who is associated with the kiva fires as well as thought of at home; '^ 

 and Salt old woman (paliliu) for whom a fuUer ritual, a ceremony, is 

 performed. The hmater's ritual indicates a deification of the earth.'* 



The animals are mountain lion (kymide), bear (koide), badger 

 (karnade, Mex., tejano), eagle (shiwile), big snake (pirulade which is 

 rattlesnake, sharara're). All these are referred to in English as 

 powerful, as helpers. Lion is foremost, the "first helper." Lion and 

 bear are strong and can help in any way. Their claws are worn in 

 ceremonial. In one connection the Hon or bear helper of the Laguna 

 Father (birka'ade) was referred to as living on the summit of San 

 Mateo (Mount Taylor). ... As elsewhere bear is closely associated 

 with curing. Badger, the great digger, helps the medicine men to 

 dig out of the earth whatever they want. With "power from the 

 eagle" the medicine men can fly. From the fields, snake cleans the 

 town by his sucking or drawing power. . . . All these animals are 

 represented in stone, and these stone fetishes are referred to col- 

 lectively as ke'chu. For other spirits in stone in which the Isletans 

 seem particularly rich, see pp. 278, 295. 



Then there are the horned serpents, ikanare, two of them, who live 

 to the southeast in caves wdthin a mile each of the other in places 

 called Nalurhiru (ravines close together) and Pakepasoii (bank water 

 washout), the general district being referred to as Tohiha, village old 

 (?) ruin. In a folk tale '^ the habitat of ikaina is referred to as in the 

 jnountains, takoapien. Shu'faty, eagle-down hiU, is also mentioned 

 as his habitat. 



Ikanare (ikaina) is a stout, short snake, about 2 feet long (fig. 14), 

 that moves with a side to side waddling motion. He or they make 

 loud hissing sounds within their caves which they do not leave. You 

 can hear the sounds a long distance ofT. Then you should sprinkle 

 meal or pollen which they will suck or draw toward themselves. With 

 any function of pimishment or of flood making the horned serpent 

 seems not to be associated as among the Tewa or in the west. But in 

 the ceremony of bringing him in (see p. 302) he has a function of 

 cleaning up or exorcising. In the aforesaid folk tale he is associated 

 with the svm's kick stick, wdth lightning and with the sun. 



Corresponding to the shiwanna of the Keres are the liwan who live 

 on mountains. Specifically referred to are Ljwale who lives on Zufii 



" See p. 276 

 " See p. 338. 

 " See p. 372. 



