350 ISLETA, NEW MEXICO 



18. Jesusita Miguel, Lizard clan. Wife of 17. 



19. Francisco ToiTe(s) or Hemish, Suu clan. 



20. Santiago Torre(.s), Sun clan. Brother of 19. 



21. Paulina Torrc(s), Eagle clan. Wife of 20. 



22. Jose Martin', Bear clan. 



23. JoseSta Martin' or Tsiuyaitiwitsa or Kwaiye (Bear). Bear clan. Wife 



of 22. 



24. Santiago Chavez or Haiuna, Lizard clan. 

 25-26. Juan Pedro, and his daughter, Maria Ts'uku'. 

 27-28. Bitorio, and his daughter, Maria Tsiwakora. 



The land given the immigrants was to the southwest, a district 

 already settled by Isletans and called Orai'bi.'' To-day 6 houses in 

 this suburb of 43 houses belong to Laguna people (Birnin) '^ or to 

 Isletans married to persons of Laguna descent. The other houses 

 are occupied by Isletans. In the Lagmia houses live by rough esti- 

 mate 62 persons, of whom 53 are of Lagima descent, including 3 of the 

 4 survi\ang immigrants.^" The foiuth immigrant ^' Uves with her 

 son in Isleta proper, where live also 9 persons of Laguna descent, 

 maldng a total, together with a Laguna family of 5 across the river, 

 of 69 persons from Laguna or of Laguna descent. I am not at all 

 certain, however, that this census is complete. Of Laguna-Isleta 

 intermarriages I have noted 17 among which 9 Laguna women mar- 

 ried Isletan men and 8 Lagima men married Isletan women. The 

 facts of residence show a like even distribution, the intermarrj^ing 

 Laguna men and women living in both Orai'bi and the town proper. 



What have been the effects of tliis contact of about half a centmy 

 between two distinctive Pueblo groups, speaking different languages, 

 and in their social organization possessed of different traits? It is 

 said in general that Laguna persons are biUngual, but that Keresan 

 has not been learned at all by the Isletans. In fact my chief Isletan 

 informant, although he is godfather to a Laguna child and has been 

 Uving on and off at Orai'bi for a dozen years and is established there 

 permanently during the last year, knows few, if any, Keresan words, 

 either of the vernacular '" or ceremonial. ^^ He said he had Kstened 

 in to his neighboi-s, too, still he could not learn their words. In the 

 famihes of mixed marriages somewhat other conditions might be 

 foimd, of com'se. It would be particularly interesting to learn more 

 positively whether or not any Keresan kinsliip terms have passed into 



18 For this name there is no translation. The name is the same, we may recall, as that of the Ilopi town 

 on Third Mesa. There is no Isletan tradition about Hopi immigrants. Perhaps the name attached to 

 the locality after the return of the Isletans early in the eighteenth century from the Hopi country. 



1" Laguna is called Berkwi, Rainbow. 



'» They are JosS Antoya Correo or Tiami (Keresan, Eagle) or Shyutera, of the Blue Corn people and of 

 the shure' (Lists I 12; II, 6), Maria Correo (Keresan, Tsi'tiwi) of the Day people and of the shure' (List 

 II, 2), Maria Chavez or Koyude of the Earth people and of the Black Eyes, Juana Torres or Kinai of the 

 Earth people and of the Black Eyes. 



21 Maria Correo, whose son is the town chief of Orai'bi, where they also have a house. 



22 A Laguna neighbor, he observed, called his boys payatem' (Keresan for youth). 



" Even such a much used term as kopishtaiya for the cosmic supematurals was unfamiliar. After expla- 

 nation he said he would translate it as ka'an, the Fathers. 



