538 INTRODUCTION TO ZUNI CEREMONIALISM [eth. ann. 47 



and the katcinas. The prayer sticks are offered in the afternoon 

 of the eighth day, which should be the summer solstice, June 22. 

 The offerings are less elaborate than those of the winter solstice, but 

 their precise nature is not known to the writer. There is only one 

 planting. Prayer sticks for the katcinas are offered together with 

 the others on the eighth day. Thei-e are no offerings to the Beast 

 Gods. The offerings are made in cornfields. For four days everyone 

 refrains from sexual intercourse, trading, and quarreling, but there is 

 no restriction on food. 



On the day preceding the offering the societies, except the Wood 

 Society,'^ meet in their houses. Altars are erected, but there are no 

 images of the Beast Gods. The members remain in retreat overnight, 

 and their prayers on this occasion, as on the night preceding the sol- 

 stice in December, are directed primarily toward the rain makers. 

 There is no four-day retreat in honor of the Beast Gods following this, 

 and no general healing of the sick. This part of their activities is 

 temporarily in abeyance. 



On the third day followmg the solstice the impersonators of the 

 Koyemci visit each house in the village and are doused with water by 

 the female inhabitants as a suggestion to the supernatural powers to 

 do likewise. Then they go into retreat. 



On the fourth day following the general prayer stick planting the 

 first of the chief priesthoods goes into retreat, to remain in for eight 

 nights. 



On the same day preparations are begun for the first of the summer 

 rain dances.^ Every fourth year a pilgrimage is made to the village 

 of the katcinas, a lake about 80 miles to the west. On the fourth day 

 following the solstice the officers of the katcina society and the 

 impersonators of all of the katcina priests, accompanied by the 

 chief of the Hunters Society and men of the Deer and the Badger 

 clans leave for the home of the gods. The lake is reached on the 

 evening of the second day. Ofterings of prayer sticks are made at 

 various shrines and turtles are hunted. The party returns next 

 morning, arriving at Zuni the fourth day at sunset, the seventh after 

 the solstice. 



On intei'vening years the same party leaves at dawn on the seventh 

 day to plant at a spring at Ojo Caliente, 17 miles southwest of Zuiii. 

 The spring symbolizes the more distant shrine. Since the date coin- 

 cides with the monthly planting of the katcina priests, the impersona- 

 tors separate, some going with the others to Ojo Caliente, some taking 

 the offerings of his fellows to the spring at which they make their 

 regular monthly planting. Each person makes offerings for both 

 springs. 



" Stevenson, p. 150. This society does not meet with the others in the winter rites. Its rituals are espe- 

 cially potent for bringing cold winds and snow. For it to function at this time would be disastrous. 



