850 ZUNI KATCINAS [eth. ann. 47 



If he wants a face mask he will ask when they are going to dance 

 Kokokci. Now, if he wants a hehnet mask the headmen of the 

 kiva will take coarse white sand and spread it on the floor and wet it, 

 and bury the cowhide in it to make it soft. They will leave it there 

 for several hours. Then they will call in the man who wants the 

 mask and they will measure his head. They measure aroimd the top 

 of his head and from the top of his forehead to the tip of his chin. 

 Then they measure the leather. For the distance around they meas- 

 ure with the thumb and middle finger, and for the height of the face 

 they measure fingerwidths. Then the kiva chief measures and cuts 

 the leather. He cuts a rectangular piece to go around the head and a 

 circular piece for the top of the head. Then he holds the pieces of 

 leather against the man's head to see if they are right. Then the 

 leather is put back in the wet sand. Wliile the leather is in the sand 

 he rolls the deer sinew for sewing. He takes long strips of sinew and 

 rolls them against his thigh to make them strong. He rolls enough 

 sinew so as not to have to make more while he is se\ving. He leaves 

 the leather in the sand for about an hour and a half. Then he takes 

 out the strip for the face and sews the two ends together down the 

 back. The sewing must be done very tightly and with very fine 

 stitches so that it will not rip later. Then he sews on the top very 

 tight. The top is still just a flat piece of leather. The two head men 

 of the kiva (otakamosi and wo'le) take turns in sewing on the mask, 

 for it is hard work. It takes about two days to sew the mask. This 

 is all done at the house of the kiva chief (otakamosi) where the men 

 come to practice their songs. While they are making the mask 

 they tell the kiva people not to come in the daytime to work on their 

 own masks, but they continue to come at night to practice. 



"When they have finished the sewing they call in the man for whom 

 the mask is being made and they try it on him. They ask him if it 

 hurts him in any place and if it is too long they trim it ofl' aroimd the 

 bottom. The man keeps it on for a little while and it takes the shape 

 of his head because the leather is still soft. After it is perfectly com- 

 fortable they take it off and say, 'Now we shall make its shape right.' 

 Then the man goes out. Then they sprinkle water on the sand to 

 make it wet, and put the sand into the mask. They pack it down very 

 hard. Then they rest. They set the mask down on the floor and 

 cover it so that no one will see it and they go out. 



"The mask is made during teckwa, between the time when the kiva 

 heads plant prayer sticks for the dance and the day when the dance 

 is to be given. In the kivas where they have only two days teckwi 

 before a dance they start to sew on the mask before they plant their 

 feathers, but it is always finished during teckwi. During this time 

 the man's people are all busy preparing food for the members of the 

 kiva. His wife and his sisters and all his female relatives grind for 



