888 ZUNI KATCINAS [eth. ann. 47 



This program also is not strictly adhered to. Mahe?inaca is no 

 longer popular because these dancers are unduly familiar with girls 

 and women, ^^ and is therefore no longer danced. In 1924 hekapa'kwe 

 did not dance at all, in 1927 they combined with ohe'kwe (they were 

 entertained in the same house), and in 1928 danced a mixed dance 

 using a bundle drum and otherwise different from that of ohe'wa. 

 Omissions from the full program have already been noted. Further- 

 more, it is customary for kivas entertained in the same house to dance 

 together. Whenever any kiva departs from the ride of performing 

 Kok'okci at its ko'uptconan-e or summer rain dance, it is always one 

 of these traditional kiva dances that is performed, never one of the 

 new or borrowed dances. 



Extra dances may be introduced into the calendar at any time the 

 katcinas are "Ln" by any group of young men who wish to dance. 

 These are usually new or borrowed dances, elaborate to the point of 

 garishness in costume, difficult in music and dance step, and generally 

 "fancy." This type of dance is also frequently performed by assist- 

 ing groups at ko'uptconawa. The usual times for interpolating new 

 dances are late winter and early spring, the early fall, between the 

 wheat and corn harvest, before the katcinas are "sent home" in 

 November, and the night of Ca'lako and the five days following. 

 They are organized by the young men with the approval and coopera- 

 tion of the kiva heads. "When they want to have a new dance like 

 the Cow dance or any other dance they have not had before, they 

 ask the katcina chief if it will be all right to have that dance, and he 

 will decide. No matter what kind of new katcina they make up this 

 way, they join the people at the Sacred Lake, just the way new babies 

 are born here. They j^ray like the others, and they have just as much 

 power. Still the people are more afraid of the old masks, because 

 thej' come from long ago." 



Group dances, therefore, seem to be of three kinds: 



Kokokci and its variants, Upikaiap'ona and Hakcina Cilowa 

 (rare), which should, according to rule, be performed at all the 

 regular dances of the winter and summer series. 



Traditional kiva dances, which are performed during the five days 

 following Ca'lako, and may be substituted for Kokokci at the sum- 

 mer and winter series, or performed by assisting groups in the 

 winter series. 



New or borrowed dances, wliich may be performed by assisting 

 groups at the winter series, or introduced as extra dances during 

 winter or summer. 



In dances of the regular series the kiva chief decides about when 

 he would hke his men to perform. He sends word to all the men of 

 his kiva to meet at his house for rehearsals. The two wo'we, pro\aded 



*3 The name is derived from matie, fseces; tina, to sit. 



