8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



region, this time specializing on the Esselen and Antoniano 

 Indians in the southern part of Monterey County. Taking 

 the specimens of San Juan Bautista plants with him and 

 arriving in wild-flower season, a thorough collecting of 

 plants was rewarded with a great mass of information 

 which further elucidated much of the San Juan plant 

 material. This collecting was done in several places in 

 southern Monterey County and simultaneously in San 

 Benito County. Seeds used for food were actually made up 

 into the food product to get the primitive process, and the 

 same method was followed in the study of medicines. 



Along with the plants the field of ethnozoology was 

 thoroughly covered and practically all the animals known 

 to these Indians were identified. Specimens were obtained, 

 especially of birds, which proved to be the most difficult 

 field for identification in the collecting of animal names, 

 and the skins were identified by the division of birds of the 

 National Museum. Eight different kinds of snakes were 

 known by name and identified. 



One of the rarest features of the work was the obtaining of 

 a number of old Indian place names in the Old Esselen 

 country, the western tributary of the Salinas River known as 

 the Arroyo Seco. A study of the place names resulted in 

 the discovery that the Esselen were not a coastal but an 

 inland people, inhabiting the Arroyo Seco and a section of 

 the Salinas River and centered about Soledad Mission. 

 They were one of the smallest tribes in California, and the 

 name properly begins with an h; they were known in the 

 San Juan Bautista from all that section of California. The 

 expedition went from Monterey to the Aguage de Martin 

 and from there climbed the mountain. Some 40 exposures 

 were made of the various rocks connected with the cere- 

 monies and the springs and camps, and several hundred 

 pages of notes were taken down in California Spanish from 

 Don Angel and others dealing with the history of these cere- 

 monies and the life of Mariana and Joaquin Murrieta. On 

 the way back to the coast the Cruz Cervantes ranch was 

 visited, where Murrieta and Mariana were equipped by 

 Don Cruz for starting their war against the Americans. 



