10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



various occasions. The walls in this building were of the 

 same nature as those in the later portions of the larger dwell- 

 ing, except that the stones were more carefully dressed. 

 This suggested that the small house may have been built by 

 the same group which erected the later portions of the large 

 one. 



In addition to the two houses and seven small ceremonial 

 chambers two great kivas were found. Only one of these was 

 excavated. In the case of the other it was possible merely to 

 trace the outer walls in order to obtain the size and position 

 of the structure. The finding of these two great kivas was 

 significant because investigations in the Southwest have 

 shown that such structures are always associated with some 

 form of the Chaco culture. The great kiva connected with 

 the larger of the two dwellings revealed one of the essential 

 characteristics of such structures when the debris which 

 filled it was removed. It had an average diameter of 55 

 feet. The second of these large circular houses was com- 

 pletely detached from the other buildings in the village and 

 had been placed in a court formed by the other structures. 

 It averaged 78 feet in diameter, which makes it the largest 

 yet discovered. 



The excavations yielded 400 specimens of the people's 

 handicraft in addition to the information on house types. 

 Included in the collection are pottery vessels, tools or imple- 

 ments of stone and bone, ornaments, and a number of stone 

 images. The pottery is characterized by examples typical 

 of the Chaco Canyon wares and also specimens characteristic 

 of the Upper Gila region to the south. The summer's in- 

 vestigations demonstrate that the village on the Zuni reser- 

 vation belongs to the great period of the prehistoric pueblos ; 

 that designated as Pueblo III in southwestern chronology. 

 The evidence obtained also indicates that there was a fusion 

 of two groups of people at this location: One, the first to 

 arrive, came from the Chaco area in the north, and the other 

 from the Upper Gila villages in the south. Charred timbers 

 obtained from the ruins enabled Dr. A. E. Douglas, of the 

 University of Arizona, to give the dates 1000 to 1030 A. D. 

 for the life of the community. 



