184 Mr. W. T. Blanford on Creranobates Syhadrensis. 



XVIII. — Descriptions of Creranobates Syhadrensis and Lithotis 

 rupicola, two new Generic Forms of Mollusca inhabiting Cliffs 

 in the Western Ghats of India. By William T. Blanford, 

 A.R.S.M., F.G.S. 



[Plate IV.] 

 Family Littorinidse. 



Cremnobates, nov. gen. 



Testa perforata, turbinato-globosa, costulata, Apertura mediocris, 

 subovata ; peristomatis margine dextro simplici, columellari vix 

 calloso. 



Operculum testaceum, subovatum, paucispirale ; nucleo sinistro ; 

 margine membranaceo. 



Animal (pulmoniferum 1) parvum ; tentaculis duobus brevibus 

 subulatis, oculos in lobis tumidis ad basin gerentibus prseditum. 

 Pes brevis, rotundatus. Proboscis brevis. 



C. Syhadrensis, n. sp. 



C. testa subobtecte perforata, globoso-turbinata, costulis elevatis 

 crenulatis circumdata, inter costulas liris minoribus spiralibus 

 lineisque obliquis decussantibus incrementi ornata, periomphalo 

 baud costulato concentrice decussato-striato albida, ad apicem 

 rubella, epidermide viridi-fusca induta ; spira brevis, conoidea, 

 sutura impressa, apice acuto, plerumque erosulo ; aufractibus 3, 

 rapide accrescentibus, convexis, ultimo rotundato, circa perfora- 

 tionem angulato ; apertura diagonalis, ovata, lineis longitudina- 

 libus fusco-purpureis prope suturam et versus basin marginis 

 dextri, spatio interveniente, interne signata, interdum omnino 

 colorata ; peristoma simplex, marginibus callo junctis, dextro 

 recto, basali expansulo, columellari reflexo, appresso, perforationem 

 partim tegente. Operculum uormale. 



Alt. 7, diara. 7 mill. ; apertura 5 mill, longa, 4 lata. 



Hab. in montibus "Syhadri" sen "Western Gbats," Indiae orien- 

 talis, ad scopulos basalticos pendentes adbserens. 



This very remarkable and interesting form appears to be one 

 of the links connecting the Littorinidse with operculated Pulmo- 

 nifera. It occurs abundantly on the precipitous bare rocks of 

 the Western Ghats of India, in the neighbourhood of Bombay. 

 These mountains, which are entirely composed of basaltic lava- 

 flows, rise suddenly from the low ground of the Concan, or 

 country bordering the sea, to a height of 2000 feet, their scarp 

 being extremely abrupt, and in many parts forming an almost 

 precipitous inland cliff. In consequence of the neighbourhood 

 of the sea, and the sudden change in the elevation of the ground, 

 the rainfall is very heavy during the south-west monsoon, from 

 June till October, and the surface of the rocks must be almost 

 continually wet. In December the only specimens of Cremno- 



