^10 Messrs. W. K. Parker and T. R. Jones on the 



A. Serpula. See Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. iii. p. 480. See also 

 Orthocera and Orthoceras, further on. 



64. Nubecularia lucifuga, Defi-. 1825. Diet. xxv. p. 210 ; 

 Atlas, Zooph. pi. 44. f. 3; Bl. Actinol. pi. 66. f. 3, 3g-3^. 

 From the Calcaire grossier and the Faluniere of Hauteville, 

 Dep. de la Manche. 



Blainville and Defrance here grouped the curious Miliolitic 

 genus Nubecularia with the Zoophytes, giving some characteristic 

 figures of it. Soldani has depicted numerous individuals in 

 his great work ' Testaceographia/ placing them with the ^er- 

 pulcE. We have found Nuhecularice, associated with other Fora- 

 minifera, in very many recent sea-sands from shallowish water, 

 and have been enabled to recognize their relations with the 

 Miliolite group*. These are very protean shells : in deep water 

 they are neither common nor large, but in the Algal belt they 

 q,ttain the size of hemp-seeds and even of split peas; and, grow- 

 ing attached to sea-weeds, shells, and other bodies, they become 

 scale-like, or resemble lichens; or, winding about stalks and 

 fronds, they form ring-like incrustations, shooting off into irre- 

 gular processes and forming grotesque cervicorn figures {N. luci- 

 fuga). Similar forms occur in abundance in some of the French 

 tertiaries. From the Clam-shells of the East Indian seas, and 

 from the Strombus gigas of the West Indies, we get minute 

 rectilinear individuals of Nubecularia, with a spiral commence- 

 ment {N. Tibia) . An allied variety, without a spiral beginning, 

 is shown by D'Orbigny^s Webbina rugosa (For. Canar. pi. 1. 

 f. 16-18; and For. Vien. p. 74, pi. 21. f. 11, 12). In several 

 clays of the Oolitic formations we have met with these elongate 

 varieties attached to Gryphaa, &c. 



All these Nubecularian forms have an opake shell, frequently 

 arenaceous, and are composed of minute, tent-like, plano-convex 

 chambers, the base often being more or less imperfect; the 

 aperture is produced, oval, and often lipped, and becomes enve- 

 loped in the base of the new chamber, as in the true Miliolce. 



The foregoing varieties of Nubecularia {N. lucifuga, N. Tibia, 

 and N. rugosa), however dissimilar among themselves, are all 

 referable to the same specific type, which is sufficiently well 

 represented by N. lucifuga, Defr., above referred to. 



65. Nummulites complanata. Lam. Diet. xxv. p. 224. Ca- 

 merina nummularia, Bruguiere. Defrance notices one specimen 

 having a width of 3 inches and a thickness of 3 lines ; giving 

 the following locaUties : — Egypt, Soissons, Languedoc, Tran- 

 sylvania, Mont Aubrey en Suisse, Vicentin, et Veronnais ; and 

 he remarks that "It is doubtful whether one and the same 



* See Quart, Joum. Geol. Soc. xvi. p. 465, pi. 20. f. 48-56 ; and Car- 

 penter's • Introduction,' p. 69, pi. 6. f. 1-15. 



