from the Pliocene Beds, Fifeshire. 383: 



order ; and it may be remarked that the transverse processes 

 of the last are not perforated. But a few of the dorsal are a 

 good deal broken and decayed, more especially the centra, some 

 of which are completely gone : this appears to have been mainlv 

 caused by the corroding action of the contents of the stomach 

 and intestines, as all the bones in the gastric region were more 

 or less stained black, while the rest were of a cream-colour. All 

 the other bones may be said to be in good order, although many 

 of them were broken by the pressure they had sustained. They 

 are now, however, restored, and put in their several places, with 

 the exception of a few of the carpal bones of the left arm and 

 two or three of the phalanges of the posterior extremity, which 

 had unfortunately been overlooked in lifting the specimen. The 

 superior maxillaries are completely destroyed ; the only portions 

 of them remaining entire consist of little more than the alveoli 

 of the left side containing the teeth, and a fragment of the right 

 side containing the two posterior grinders. There are five molar 

 teeth on each side, above and below, placed straight in the jaws, 

 with a small space between them. In the upper jaw, the first 

 grinder has a single fang, the next four have double fangs ; but 

 in the second the fangs are connate. Each molar has an anterior 

 and a posterior basal cusp, besides a centre one, which is com- 

 pressed, conical, and slightly curved backwards in the first four 

 teeth ; in the fifth it is not so large, and is straight up. The 

 anterior cusps are but feebly indicated on all the upper teeth, 

 more especially on the first three or premolars. In the lower 

 jaw, the first two molars of the left side and the first three of 

 the right side are wanting ; of those present, the third, fourth, 

 and fifth have double fangs. The alveolar cavity of the second 

 shows that that tooth had double fangs also, but tbe faugs 

 appear to have been connate ; the first molar, like that of the 

 upper jaw, had only a single fang. The crowns of the third 

 and fourth molars have each a central conical cusp, slightly 

 curved backwards, one anterior and two posterior basal cusps, 

 while tbe fifth has only one cusp before and one behind the 

 centre one : in all these lower-jaw teeth the anterior basal cusps 

 are larger than the posterior. The canine teeth are strong, with 

 compressed roots, their upper part round, sharply pointed, and 

 bent backwards. Some of the incisive teeth are lost ; of those 

 preserved, two are much larger than the rest, and have com- 

 pressed roots and round pointed crowns, with the tips hooked 

 inwards. They appear to belong to the outside of the upper 

 series. The middle incisors are very small and somewhat com- 

 pressed, the crowns sharp and hooked inward. With the ex- 

 ception of the dorsal vertebrae (which will be immediately 

 noticed), the rest of the bones correspond so closely to those 



