96 BRITISH BIRDS. [vol. vin. 



coverts and many of the median and lesser coverts also 

 browner. The juvenile body-plumage and a varying number 

 of innermost secondaries, inner greater coverts and some 

 median and lesser coverts are moulted in autumn, but not 

 rest of wings or tail. Female. — ^Difficult to distinguish 

 from adult female, but apparently less black on crown 

 and none on chin and throat and edgings of wings and 

 wing-coverts browner. 



Measurements and structure. — ^ wing 68-73 mm., tail 

 59-64, tarsus 20.5-22, bill from skull 13-14 (14 measured). 

 5 wing 66-69. Primaries : 1st usually about two-thirds 

 as long, but occasionally as long as longest primary-coverts, 

 3rd and 4th longest, 2nd and 5th sometimes as long but 

 usually 1-3 mm. shorter, 6th 3-6 shorter ; 3rd to 5th 

 emarginated outer webs. Secondaries between 9th and 10th 

 primaries or slightly shorter, tips rounded. Bill fine. A 

 few short, fine nasal and rictal bristles. 



Sojt farts. — Bill dark horn, paler at base of lower 

 mandible ; legs, feet, and iris bright red-bro^vn. 



Chaeacters. — The black crown and throat and white 

 moustachial stripes of the male are very distinctive. The 

 female is much like a Lesser Wliitethroat, but always has 

 some blackish markings on the feathers of the crown, 

 more white on the outer tail-feathers and a shorter 1st 

 primary. H. F. Witherby. 



The species should be added to the Hand-List as follows : — 

 148a. Sylvia ruppelli Temm.— RUPPELL'S WARBLER. 



Sylvia ruppeli (corr. ruppelli) Temminck, PL Col. 245, fig. 1 

 (1823 — Kandia ; though occurring in Kandia (Crete) Temtninck's 

 type came evidently from the Red Sea or from Egypt ; cf. 

 Cretzschmar, Atlas Reise, p. 29). 

 Sylvia ruppelli H. W. Ford-Lindsay, Brit. B., vm., p. 93 



Distribution. — England. — Two males, Baldslow, Hastmgs, 

 Sussex, May 5, 1914 {ut supra). 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds in Greece, Asia Minor, 

 Crete, and probably in Palestine and Cyprus. Winters 

 in north-east Africa (Nubia, Red Sea). 



Authors of the Hand -List. 



