12 THE MENOMINI INDIANS [eth.ann. 14 



fugitive papers relating to this tribe being exceedingly brief, and often 

 difficult of access to the general reader. 



HABITAT OF THE TRIBE 



The Menomini Indians are located on a reservation in the north- 

 eastern part of Wisconsin, and occupy almost the same territory in 

 which they were found by Nicollet in 1634. Their history is intimately 

 connected with that of the Winnebago, as they have lived with or beside 

 that tribe from very early times, although their language shows them 

 to belong to the Algonquian stock, and more nearly related to the 

 Ojibwa than to any other. 



THE TRIBAL, NAME 



The word Menomini is from Omii'nomine'fr (mano'me, rice, and 

 iuii'neu T or ina'ni, man). Shea 1 says the "name is the Algonquin term 

 for the grain Zizania aquatica — in English, Wild Rice. The French 

 called both the grain and tribe Fol Avoiu — Wild Oats." 



The tribe has been designated in literature under a variety of syn- 

 onyms, of which the following are a list, together with the authorities 

 therefor, and such additional notes of the respective authors as may be 

 deemed of interest. Some of the changes in orthography are due to 

 misprints, but still have a certain value in identification. The people 

 of the tribe designate themselves "Menomini," or "Meuomoni" giving 

 preference to the latter, in which the sound of o is heard, although 

 the letter i of the former term is more in harmony with the etymology 

 of the word. 



Synonymy 



Addle-Meads. — Jeffreys, Natural anil Civil History of the French Dominions in North 



and South America, pt. 1, London, 1761, p. is. 

 Fahavoins. — (Johnson, London Doc. xxxvi, 1763) Docs. Col. Hist. New York, vol. vii, 



Albany, 1856, p. 583. (Probably that portion of the tribe living near Green bay ; 



enumerates 110 as belonging to Ottawa confederacy. ) 

 Falsovoins. — (Harrison, 1814) Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of his Brother, the 



Prophet, etc, Cincinnati, 1852, p. 162. 

 FcUes aroins. — (State of British Plantations in America, in 1721) Docs. Col. Hist. 



New York, vol. v, Albany, 1855, p. 622. 

 Folle Avoine. — Relations des Jesuites (1671), tome iii, Quebec, 1858, p. 25. 

 Folle Avoines. — (Mem. of 1718) Docs. Col. Hist. New York, vol. ix, Albany, 1855, p. 889. 

 Follcs, Les. — Featherstonhaugh, A Canoe Voyage up the Minuay Sotor, etc, vol. i, 



London, 1847, p. 174. 

 FoUesavoine. — (Vaudreuil, 1720) Margry, D^couvertes, tome vi, Paris, 1866, p. 511. 

 FoUes Avoines. — (Cadillac, 1695) Margry, D<;couvertes, tome v, Paris, 1883, p. 121. 

 Foh,Le8.— (Baden, 1830) Ann. delaProp.de la Foi . . . , tome iv, Lyons, 1853, p. 537. 

 Fids Avoin. — Pike, An Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the Mississippi, etc, 



Philadelphia, 1810, p. 13. 

 Fols Avoines. — Brown, Western Gazetteer, Auburn, 1817, p. 265. 

 FohavoinB. — (Johnson, 1763) Docs. Col. Hist. New York, vol. vii. Albany. 1856. p. 583. 



1 Coll. Hist. Soc. Wisconsin, vol. iii, for 1S5G. Madison, 1857, p. 134. 



