16 THE MENOMINI INDIANS [eth.ann.u 



existing preserves this designation, the. absorption of the group into 

 some other body being probably the cause of the disappearance of the 

 name. 



The Fox Indians occupied the valley of Fox river in 1714, when a 

 French expedition under de Louvigny invaded their territory, without 

 result; but their final expulsion from that country occurred in 1746, 

 when their allies, the Sauk tribe, with whom they appear to have had 

 a common origin, were also forced to leave. 



The Menomiui finally appear to have concentrated about the head 

 of Oreen bay and along Menomiui and Fox rivers, but nothing of 

 interest concerning them is found for some years, though they and 

 other tribes appear to have distinguished themselves at intervals in 

 war expeditions. The Menomiui, together with the Ottawa, Winne- 

 bago, Potawatomi, and other northwestern tribes, rendered conspic- 

 uous service in the defeat of Braddock, in 1755, at Fort du Qnesue, 

 where they were led and commanded by Sieur Charles de Langlade. 

 They also participated in the battle before Quebec on the Plains of 

 Abraham. Glode (son of Old Carrou), Osauwishkeno (the Yellow Bird), 

 Kachakawasheka (the Notch-maker), and the elder Canon, were pres- 

 ent at the fall of Montcalm. 1 



On June 7, 1726, peace was effected between M. de Ligney and the 

 chief of the Fox, Sauk, and Winnebago tribes ("Pauus a la Baie*'); 

 and to make this peace "certain and stable" it was thought proper to 

 grant to the chief of the first-named tribe his request that a French 

 officer be stationed in that country, to aid him in " restraining his 

 young men from bad thoughts and actions." 2 In consequence of this 

 amicable arrangement a detachment of French troops was sent to gar- 

 rison La Bay (afterward called Fort Edward Augustus), which post 

 was thenceforward occupied by the French until 1761. This, like many 

 other posts throughout the French possessions, was not strictly of a 

 military character, from the fact that numbers of French settlers had 

 congregated near there for protection; not on account of agricultural 

 pursuits — for such were greatly neglected — but chiefly to establish and 

 maintain traffic with the natives, furs being the chief product desired. 

 These settlers were generally under the government of the comman- 

 dant. The relations between these French settlers and the natives were 

 undoubtedly of an amiable character, as the general attitude and con- 

 duct of the French were rather of a conciliatory nature, whereby their 

 representatives gained unusual confidence and good will among the 

 natives — an attachment which was furthermore strengthened through 

 the frequent selection by the French of Menomiui wives. 



After the British and colonial forces had attained the conquest of 

 Canada and the Marquis de Vaudreml, the governor- general, had sur- 



'Coll. Hist. Soc. of Wisconsin for 1856, vol lii, 1657, pp. 212-214. 



2 From translation of II. de Ligney s memoir of June 7, 1726, m Coll. Hist. Soc. of Wisconsin fur 

 1854, vol. i, 1855, p. 21. 



