hoffman] NEIGHBORING TRIBES 19 



but they responded in the negative and joined the British in the war 

 of 1812-14. They served under Colonel Robert Dickson, who had 

 arrived at Green Bay with a party of Sioux Indians; for although 

 there was a traditional feeling of hatred by the Sioux against the 

 Menomini aud Ojibwa, still, wben circumstances demanded union 

 against a common enemy under one standard for attack or defense, 

 all tribal differences were for the time set aside. The party under 

 Dickson participated in the attack on the Americans at Mackinaw, 

 but they were not actively engaged in the battle. 



The Winnebago, who may properly be termed the head of the Siouan 

 family, were from the earliest historical times near neighbors of the 

 Menomini and on friendly terms with them and also with the Ojibwa, 

 who until 1795 or later occupied the country as far east as Lake 

 Shawano. The Winnebago warriors occasionally came to Green Bay 

 on a spree, passing through the Menomini and Ojibwa territory on 

 their way. It wasbecauseof this constantcomminglingthat representa- 

 tives of all of these tribes were generally found together in their war 

 excursions. 



The expulsion of the Fox and Sauk Indians from the country on Fox 

 river and the head of Green bay (already referred to) is specially men- 

 tioned by Jedidiah Morse' in his report to the Secretary of War in 

 1822, in the following words: 



Major Irwin 'informed me, on the authority of Colonel Bowyerand an old Ottawa 

 chief, living at Ma-nitoUrWauk, the river of bad spirits, that more than a century ago, 

 the Fox and Sac Indians, who then inhabited the country on Green bay and Fox 

 river, were conquered and driven away by the Menominees, aided by the Ottawas 

 and Chippewas; that the Menominees hold this country by conquest, and that their 

 title is admitted to be good by the Sacs, Foxes, Chippawas, and Ottawas. 



This statement no doubt originated from Charlevoix's remarks (1) that 

 the Fox Indians were the original possessors of the land adjoining Fox 

 river, and (2) that their principal settlement was about 60 miles up that 

 river. They had made some depredations on French traders and 

 exacted tribute of them, whereon the French commandant of the post 

 took a party of his men iu covered boats and, while distracting the 

 attention of the Indians, opened fire on them at the same time that his 

 Menomini allies attacked the tillage from the rear. Those who sur- 

 vived the slaughter removed to Mississippi river. 



Carver 2 reached Green bay in 1766, and on his map of that date two 

 Menomini settlements are located; the northern one on the western 

 shore of the bay, near the present site of Oconto, while the southern 

 camp or "castle" is on the western bank of Fox river, a short distance 

 south of "Fort la Bay.''' South of these towns the country is marked 

 as occupied by the Winnebago, while that immediately westward is 

 designated as "Saukies Land." 



1 Heport to Secretary of War, New Haven, 1822, p. 57. 



"Travels through the Interior Parts of North America, in the years 1766, 1767, and 1708, London, 

 1778, map. 



