20 THE MENOMINI INDIANS [eth.ahh.H 



The traditions relating to the origin of the totems of the Menomini 

 refer to Menomini river (near the mouth) as the place where the Bear 

 emerged from the ground, and also to Wisconsin river as the place of 

 the subsequent meeting of this anthropomorphic being with the Wolf. 

 These streams appear to bound the earliest traditional locality claimed 

 by the Menomini; so, too, other mythic transactions connected with 

 the origin of other totems relate to the same region. Further infor- 

 mation on this subject will be found in connection with the description 

 of the Menomiui totems. 



TREATIES WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 



The Menomini had been in the service of the British in past years, 

 and as the war of 1812-14 found them still true to their old allies, it 

 became necessary to establish a treaty of peace between the United 

 States and the tribe. So commissioners were duly appointed on behalf 

 of the Federal Government, and after conference with the headmen of 

 the tribe the following was adopted March 30, 1817. l 



A treaty of peace and friendship made and concluded by and between William Clark, 

 Xinian Edwards, and Auguste Chouteau, commissioners on the part and behalf of the 

 United States of America, of the one part, and the undersigned chiefs and warriors, 

 deputed by the Monomenee tribe or nation of Indians, on the part and behalf of their 

 said tribe or nation, of the other part. 



The parties, being desirous of re-establishing peace and friendship between the 

 United States and the said tribe or nation, and of being placed in all things, and 

 in every respect, on the same footing upon which they stood before the late war, 

 have agreed to the following articles: 



Art. 1. Every injury, or act of hostility, by one or either of the contracting parties, 

 against the other, shall be mutually forgiven and forgot. 



Art. 2. There shall he perpetual peace and friendship between all the citizens of 

 the United States and all the individuals composing the said Menomenee tribe or 

 nation. 



Art. 3. The undersigned chiefs and warriors, on the part and behalf of their said 

 tribe or nation, do, by these presents, confirm to the United States all and every 

 cession of land heretofore made by their tribe or nation to the British, French, or 

 Spanish government, within the limits of the United States, or their territories; 

 and also, all and every treaty, contract, and agreement, heretofore concluded between 

 the said United States and the said tribe or nation. 



Art. 4. The contracting parties do hereby agree, promise and oblige themselves, 

 reciprocally, to deliver up all prisoners now in their hands, (by what means soever 

 the same may have come into their possession,) to the officer commanding at Prairie 

 du t'hien, to be by him restored to the respective parties hereto, as soon as it may be 

 practicable. 



Art. 5. The undersigned chiefs and warriors as aforesaid, for themselves and those 

 they represent, do hereby acknowledge themselves to be under the protection of the 

 United States, and of no other nation, power, or sovereign, whatsoever. 



In witness whereof, the commissioners aforesaid, and the undersigned chiefs and 

 warriors, as aforesaid, have hereunto subscribed their names and affixed their 

 seals, this thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 



1 Treaties between the United Stales of America and the several Indian Tribes, from 1778 to 1837, 

 Washington, D. C, 1837, pp. 205, 206. 



