hofpman] ZUNI AND TARAHUMARA RACES M7 



Mr P. W. Hodge,' who has conducted researches among the several 

 Pueblo tribes of New Mexico and Arizona, lias given an account of a 

 Znni footrace. ''The great races of the Zuni," says the author, "and 

 those in which the chief interest is centered, occur after the planting, the 

 time when uearly all the men are at leisure. In selecting the partici- 

 pants in these races, the swiftest-footed of the young men of the north- 

 ern half of the pueblo are matched against those of the southern, or 

 the western half against the eastern. The number of racers on a side 

 varies from three to six, and the degree of interest taken in the contest 

 depends on the reputation of those engaged in it, and particularly on 

 the extent to which betting has been indulged in." 



In this Zuni race many little preliminaries are arranged, and cer- 

 tain precautions taken so as to insure a satisfactory condition of the 

 participants, both hygienically and also from a religious point of view. 



The chief feature of the race is the kicking of sticks, which the 

 leader of each side places across his foot at the base of the toes. 

 These sticks are rounded and of the size of the middle finger; they 

 ai'e picked up with the toes and kicked forward, when one of the set, 

 or partners, of the one kicking, reuews the feat, keeping up rapid 

 speed. Mr Hodge says the distance covered by one race was 25 miles, 

 and the time consumed only two hours. 



It is well known that the Tarahuinara Indians of Mexico are so 

 named from their custom of racing while driving before them a wooden 

 ball by means of the feet alone. It is said that frequently 70 or 80 

 miles are thus covered in a single race. 



Canoe races frequently occurred among the Menomini; but of late, it 

 must be said, little interest is manifested in athletic sports of any kind. 



TOISACCO AND SHAWANO DANCES 



Apart from the dances indulged in by certain individuals in con- 

 nection with cult ceremonials, there are two dances which are much 

 esteemed as affording great pleasure and excitement. One of these 

 is termed the Tobacco dance, the other the Shawano dance, for the 

 latter is believed to have been introduced by the Shawnee, with which 

 tribal designation the word is synonymous, signifying "southern" or 

 " southerner," that tribe having lived to the south of the Menomini. 



PIPES AND TOBACCO 



Nearly every Indian is a smoker, and smoking is engaged in when- 

 ever he has nothing better to do. Pipes used at this day consist of 

 various kinds procured from trading establishments; but, if obtainable, 

 the native pipes, made of stone, are greatly preferred, because they 

 were the pipes of their ancestors and because the bore is deeper and 

 narrower than is found in the modern briar and clay pipe bowls. The 

 native pipe bowl is usually double the height of the modern article, 



'American Anthropologist, July, 1890, pp. 227-231. 



