boffman] VARIETIES OF ARROWS 279 



But this statement would not be true of the remainder of the numer- 

 ous tribes of Indians located between Mississippi river and Pacific 

 ocean, as an almost uninterrupted experience of twenty-four years has 

 taught the present writer. I have before me a collection of arrows made 

 by the Goyotero Apache at Camp Apache, Arizona, tipped with arrow- 

 heads of iron, jasper, and bottle-glass, in which 65 per cent have the 

 notch for the arrowhead in the same plane as the notch for the string; 

 4 per cent in which the two notches are at right angles, while in the 

 remaining 31 per cent the plane of the notch for the arrowhead appears 

 alike in no two instances, and presents various degrees between the 

 vertical and horizontal planes, as mentioned in the preceding class. In 

 other examples which I have before me, and which embrace a number 

 of iron-tip arrows made by the Grow Indians, no attempt at any sys- 

 tem is perceptible, the planes of the arrow notches occurring at almost 

 every angle from the plane of the string notch. 



With reference to the hunting-arrows of the Menomini, 15 per cent 

 present the plane of the arrowhead at right angles to the plane of the 

 string notch, while the remaining 85 per cent are made without regard 

 to any care whatever in so far as the plane of the arrowhead notch cor- 

 responds with that of the string notch. 



The second class of arrows already referred to embraces such as have 

 the head or point formed from the same piece from which the shaft 

 itself is fashioned — a thick piece of pine, cedar, or ash — having been 

 shaved down from the thickness desired for the head to that required for 

 the shaft. The head of a common form of bird-arrow is shown in plate 

 xxxi, a. Specimens of this type usually measure from seven-eighths 

 of an inch to an inch and an eighth in diameter, the head being from 2$ 

 to 3 inches long. The arrows are 28 inches in length, though the 

 feathers — of wbich there are three, as usual — are only 2J in length. 

 The latter are glued to the shaft without the usual sinew wrapping at 

 either end. The anterior part of the web of the feathers is nearly an 

 inch wide, but it slopes abruptly to the level of the shaft at the nock. 

 The nock expands slightly, while tbe notch is shallow and circular. 

 The shafts are painted red or blue from the nock to the anterior part of 

 the feathers, at which point four bauds of color — alternately blue and 

 red — encircle the shaft. The posterior portion of the head is longitud- 

 inally painted with alternate stripes of red and blue, terminating in a 

 transverse band of red at the base. The anterior part of the head is 

 uncolored. 



Another variety of arrowhead is fashioned of the same piece of wood 

 which forms the shaft, and is represented in plate xxxi, <J. The projec- 

 tions on the sides of the head are merely the stubs of branches or roots. 

 A third variety of bird-arrow is simply a continuation of the ordinary 

 thickness of the shaft, rounded at the apex, or perhaps even slightly 

 sharpened to a point, as shown by plate xxxi, c. 



Still another interesting variety is shown in plate xxxi, e, in which 

 thorns of large size have been attached to the head of the shaft by 



