282 



THE MENOMINI INDIANS 



[ETH.ANN.14 



tbe procuring, from packing cases, of bauds and strips of sheet-iron, 

 from which convenient and effective arrowpoints were made for use 

 both in hunting and in warfare. Among the tribes of the great lakes, 

 as elsewhere, arrows were sometimes preferred to firearms, since they 

 could be fired noiselessly in their hunting as well as in attacks on 

 the sentinels or scouts of an enemy. During my investigations in 

 the southwest in 1S71, stone arrowheads were found in use among 

 quite a number of small bauds of Indians scattered over the untrav- 



eled portions of southern Nevada, 

 southeastern California, and north- 

 cm and middle Arizona. Although 

 a few old guns were found in posses- 

 sion of most of these bands, the bow 

 and arrow had preference for the rea- 

 sons above stated, and because of the 

 scarcity or difficulty in procuring 

 ammunition and of their familiarity 

 with aboriginal weapons. 



Although stone arrowheads and 

 knives were found in use — to a very 

 limited extent in some instances — 

 only a few tribes still manufactured 

 them, while others may have pro- 

 cured them by barter with neighbor- 

 ing Indians, or utilized such as they 

 found abundantly in certain localities, 

 such as at old camp sites or on the 

 ruins of ancient pueblos. In some 

 instances arrowpoints were made of 

 bottle-glass, of several varieties of 

 silicious mineral, and especially of 

 obsidian, large quantities of pebbles, 

 bowlders, and finely fractured pieces 

 of which occur in various localities 

 in northern Nevada and southeast- 

 ern California, as well as in other sec- 

 tions. The Indians amongst whom 

 stone-point arrows were observed 

 were the Tiva'tika Shoshoni, at Bel- 

 mont, at Hot Springs canyon, south 

 of Mount MacCruder, and at Green mountain in Nevada; the Paiute, 

 at Benton, at McBride ranch, at Big Pine, and at Camp Independ- 

 ence in Owen valley; and the I'anamint Indians, on the eastern 

 slope of Inyo mountains, and 10 miles southeast of Owen lake, all in 

 southeastern California; the several Paiute bands at the headquarters. 

 Armagosa river, in the Armagosa desert, west of Spring mountain; 

 at Paiute Charlie's camp, 30 miles south of the latter point, on the 



Fio. 52— Ute stone knife. 



