HOFFMAN] LINGUISTICS 295 



Fathers Blase and Oderic, of the order of Saint Francis, at Keshena, 

 Wisconsin, have prepared jointly a manuscript grammar and dictionary 

 of the Menomini language for their own use, the arrangement of Bara- 

 ga's Ojibwa Grammar — one of the most complete and satisfactory at 

 hand — being followed. This manuscript was kindly given to the 

 present writer, who is now editing the work for publication. In its 

 preparation the German alphabet was employed, but the entire work 

 is being rewritten so as to accord with the phonetic system now almost 

 universally adopted. 



In the accompanying Menomini vocabulary, which includes also a 

 number of geographic terms and comparisons with Ottawa and Ojibwa 

 synonyms, I have endeavored to avoid unnecessary diacritical marks 

 and letters having sounds not their own, so as to aid in the ready com- 

 prehension by the general reader of the phonetics used. On the whole, 

 the alphabet of the Bureau of Ethnology has been employed, the vowels 

 having the so-called continental sounds ; but instead of using the letters 

 tc for tsh, I have adopted the latter to represent the sound of ch, as in 

 chat. The following list of phonetics will serve to elucidate the system 

 employed : 



Phonetics 



a, as iu far q, as the ch (German) in nicht 

 ;i, as in hat r, as in roil 



a, as in law s, as in saw 



b, as in bed; interchangeable with p ss, as the Shoshoni sso'ssoni, the hissing 



d, as in date; interchangeable with t sound of s merging into that of sh 

 6, as e in bet t, as in tap ; also interchangeable with d 



e, as a in late tsh, as ch in chat 

 g, as in gimlet; interchangeable with k ft, as in pull 



h, tis in hot n, as in rule 



I, as in it v , is found at the end of many words as 



i, as e in eat a faintly sounded letter, and occurs 



k, as iu kin ; generally used instead of g in words iu which the plural becomes 



1, as in lip wok, partaking apparently of the 



m, as in met sound of w 



n, as in not ", nasalizes the preceding vowel 



6, as u in but z, as in zone 



o, as o in boat ai, as in aisle 



p, as in jiin ai, as oy in boy 



MENOMINI-ENGLISH 



a"asSn, stone, aba'shush sho'kum, abiig'so 



aba q' so, deer. so'kum, deerskin, buckskin (sko'- 



abiiq'so so'kum, aba'shush sho'- kum,so'kuin,=skin). 



kum, buckskin; from abiiq'so, abi'slk, black; the general term, 



deer, and so'kum, skin. however, is ape'sen. 



aba'shush, the deer; a gens of aia'ni, to laugh. 



the Menomini. a i a ' n i n , laugh. 



