winship] THE CAPTURE OF HAWIKUH 389 



needed a great deal more than gold or silver." writes one member of 

 the victorious force — was found in the rooms already secured. The 

 Spaniards fortified themselves, stationed guards, and rested. During 

 the. night, the Indians, who had retired to the wings of the main build- 

 ing after the conflict, packed up what goods they could, aud left the 

 Spaniards in undisputed possession of the whole place. 



The mystery of the Seven Cities was revealed at last. The Spanish 

 conquerors had reached their goal. July 7, 1540, white men for the first 

 time entered one of the communal villages of stone and mud, iuhabited 

 by the Zufii Indians of New Mexico. 1 Granada was the name which the 

 Spaniards gave to the first village — the Indian Hawikuh — in honor of 

 the viceroy to whose birthplace they say it bore a fancied resemblance. 

 Here they found, besides plenty of corn, beans and fowls, better than 

 those of New Spain, and salt, "the best and whitest I have seen in all 

 my life," writes one of those who had helped to win the town. But 

 even the abundance of food could not wholly satisfy the men whose 

 toilsome march of more than four months had been lightened by dreams 

 of a golden haven. Friar Marcos was there to see the realization of 

 the visions which the zealous sermons of his brethren and the prolific 

 ardor of rumor and of common talk had raised from his truthful report. 

 One does not wonder that he eagerly accepted the earliest opportunity 

 of returning to New Spain, to escape from the not merely muttered 

 complaints and upbraidings, in expressing which the general was chief. 2 



THE EXPLORATION OF THE COUNTRY 

 THE SPANIARDS AT ZUXI 



Some of the inhabitants of Hawikuh-Grauada returned to the village, 

 bringing gifts, while Coronado was recovering from his wounds. The 

 general faithfully exhorted them to become Christians and to submit 

 themselves to the sovereign over-lordship of His Majesty the Spanish 



1 Hawikuh, near Qjo Caliente, was the first village captured by the Spaniards, as Bandelier has 

 shown in his Contributions, p. 166, and Documentary History of Zufii, p. 29. The definite location of 

 this village is an important point, and the problem of its site was one over which a great deal of argu- 

 ment had been wasted before Mr Bandelier published the results of his critical study of the sources, 

 which he was enabled to interpret by the aid of a careful exploration of the southwestern country, 

 undertaken under the auspices of the Archaeological Institute of America. It was under the impetus 

 of the friendly guidance and careful scrutiny of results by Professor Henry W. Haynes and the other 

 members of the Institute that Mr Bandelier has done his best work. It is unfortunate that lie did not 

 use t In- letter which Coronado wrote from Granada-Hawikuh, August3, 1540, which is tin- only official 

 account of the march from Culiaean to Zuui. The fact that Baudelier's results stand tin- tests sup- 

 plied by this letter is the best proof of the exactness and accuracy of his work. (This note was 

 written before the appearance of Mr Bandolier's ( rilded Man, in which he states that Kiakima. instead 

 of Hawikuh. is the Granada of Coronado. Mr F. W. Hodge, in an exhaustive paper on The First 

 Discovered City of €ibolaf (American Anthropologist, Washington. April, 1895), has proved conclu- 

 sively that Mr Bandolier's earlier position was the correct one.) 



2 Marcos returned to Mexico with Juan de Gallego, who left < 'ibola-Zuni soon after August 3. 

 Bandelier, in his article on the friars, in the American Catholic Quarterly Review, Mil. xv, p. 551, 

 says that L1 the obvious reason " for Marcos' s return '■ was the feeble health of the friar. Hardship and 

 physical suffering had nearly paralyzed the body "I the already aged man. He never recovered his 

 vigor, and died at Mexico, after having in vain sought relief in the delightful climate of Jalapa, in 

 the year 1558 "—seventeen years later. 



