wihswp] CORONADO AT TIGUEX 391 



visiting the villages situated along the stream. The headquarters of 

 the party were at Tiguex, at or near the site of the present town of 

 Bernalillo, and here a list was drawn up and sent to the general giving 

 the names of eighty villages of which he had learned from the natives 

 of this place. At the same time Alvarado reported that these villages 

 were the best that had yet been found, and advised that the winter 

 quarters for the whole force should be established in this district. He 

 then proceeded to Cicuye or Pecos, the most eastern of the walled 

 villages, and from there crossed the mountains to the buffalo plains. 

 Finding a stream which tiowed toward the southeast — the Canadian 

 river, perhaps — he followed its course for a hundred leagues or more. 

 Many of the "humpback oxen" were seen, of which some of the men 

 may have remembered Cabeza de Vaca'a description. 



On his return, Alvarado found the army-master, Garcia Lopez de 

 Cardenas, at Tiguex, arranging winter quarters sufficient to accommo- 

 date the whole force in this region. ' ■ Coronado, who had made a trip 

 to examine the villages farther south, along the Rio Grande, soon joined 

 his lieutenants, leaving only a small force at Cibola to maintain the post. 

 The whole of the advance party was now in Tiguex, and orders had 

 been left at Cibola for the main body to proceed to the eastern settle- 

 ments so soon as they should arrive from Culiacan and Corazones. 



THE MARCH OF THE ARMY FROM CULIACAN TO TIGUEX 



The main portion of the army remained at Culiacan, under the 

 command of Don Tristan de Arellano, when the general started for 

 Cibola with his small party of companions. The soldiers completed 

 the work of loading the San Gabriel with their surplus equipment 

 and with provisions, and busied themselves about the town for a 

 fortnight after the departure of their general. Some time between the 

 first and middle of May, the army started to follow the route of the 

 advance party. The whole force marched on foot, carrying their lances 

 and other weapons, in order that the horses and other beasts, number- 

 ing more than six hundred, might all be loaded with provisions. It had 

 taken Coronado and his party of horsemen, eager to push on toward 

 their destination, more than a month to make the journey to Corazones 

 or Hearts valley. We can only guess how much longer it took the 

 slowly marching army to cover this first half of the distance to Cibola. 

 The orders which the general had left with Arellano were that he should 



•Alvarado's official report isprobably the paper known as the Relacion de lo que. . . . Alvaradoy 

 Fray Joan de Padilla descubrieron en demanda de la mar del Sur, which is translated herein. The title, 

 evidently the work of some later editor, is a misnomer so tar as the Mar del Sur is concerned, tor this — 

 the Pacific ocean — was west, and Alvarado's explorations were toward the east. This short report is of 

 considerable value, but it is known only through a copy, lacking the list of villages which should 

 have accompanied it. Mufioz judged that it was a contemporary official copy, which did not commend 

 itself to that great collector and studeut of Spanish Americana. There is nothing about the docu- 

 ment to show the century or the region to which it relates, so thatoneof Hubert II. Bancroft's scribes 

 was misled into makiDg a short abstract of it for his'Central America, vol. ii, p. 185. as giving an 

 account of an otherwise unknown expedition starting from another Granada, on the northern shore of 

 Lake Nicaragua. 



