winship] TRANSLATION' OF CASTANEDA 511 



tliey bad on either side of the river entirely vacant, and went into 

 the mountains, where they had four very strong villages in a rough 

 country, where it was impossible for horses to go. In the two villages 

 there was a great deal of food and some very beautiful glazed earthen- 

 ware with many figures and different shapes. Here they also found 

 many bowls full of a carefully selected shining metal with which they 

 glazed the earthenware. This shows that mines of silver would be 

 found in that country if they should hunt for them. 



There was a large and powerful river, I mean village, which was called 

 Braba, 20 leagues farther up the river, which our men called Yalladolid. 1 

 The river flowed through the middle of it. The natives crossed it by 

 wooden bridges, made of very long, large, squared pines. At this vil- 

 lage they saw the largest and finest hot rooms or estufas that there were 

 in the entire country, for they had a dozen pillars, each one of which 

 was twice as large around as one could reach and twice as tall as a 

 man. Hernando de Alvarado visited this village when he discovered 

 Cicuye. The country is very high and very cold. The river is deep 

 and very swift, without any ford. Captain Barrionuevo returned from 

 here, leaving the province at peace. 



Another captain went down the river in search of the settlements 

 which the people at Tutahaco had said were several days distant from 

 there. This captain went down !S0 leagues and found four largo villages 

 which he left at peace. He proceeded until he found that the river sank 

 into the earth, like the Guadiaua in Estremadura. 2 He did not go on to 

 where the Indians said that it came out much larger, because his com- 

 mission did not extend for more than 80 leagues march. After this cap- 

 tain got back, as the time had arrived which the captain had set for his 

 return from Quivira, and as he had not come back, Don Tristan selected 

 40 companions and, leaving the army to Francisco de Barrionuevo, he 

 started with them in search of the general. When he reached Cicuye 

 the people came out of the village to fight, which detained him there 

 four days, while he punished them, which he did by firing some volleys 

 into the village. These killed several men, so that they did not come out 

 against the army, since two of their principal men had been killed on 

 the first day. Just then word was brought that the general was com- 

 ing, and so Don Tristan had to stay there on this account also, to keep 

 the road open.' 1 Everybody welcomed the general on his arrival, with 

 great joy. The Indian Xabe, who was the young fellow who had been 

 given to the general at Cicuye when he started off in search of Quivira, 

 was with Don Tristan de Arellano and when he learned that the gen- 



'Taos, or Te-uat-ha. See Bandolier's Final Iteport, vol. i, p. 123, for the identification of these 

 places. 



; This rendering, doubtjess correct, is due to Ternairx. The Guadiaua, however, reappears above 

 ground some time before it begins to mark the boundary of the Spanish proviuce of Estremadura. 

 The Castaneda family had its seat in quite the other end of the peninsula. 



3 Mota Paililla, xxxiii, 4., p. 165: " Al caho de dos meses, poco mas 6 menos, volvid con an gente el gen- 

 eral it Tigiies, y dieron razon que habiendo caminado mas de cien leguas. ■ • • Quivira se hallo ser 

 un pueblo de hasta cien casas." 



