wikshii-i TRANSLATION OF CASTAN'EDA 515 



habits as the Culuacaniau Tahues. There is much sodomy among them. 

 In the mountain district there is a large population and more settle- 

 ments. These people have a somewhat different language from the 

 Tahues, although they understand each other. It is called Petlatlan 

 because the houses are made of petates or palm-leaf mats. 1 Houses of 

 this sort are found for more than 240 leagues in this region, to the 

 beginning of the Cibola wilderness. The nature of the country changes 

 here very greatly, because from this point on there are no trees except 

 the pine, 2 nor are there any fruits except a few tunas, ; nicsquites,' and 

 pitahayas. 5 



Petlatlan is 20 leagues from Ouliacan, and it is 130 leagues from here 

 to the valley of Senora. There are many rivers between the two, with 

 settlements of the same sort of people — for example, Sinoloa, Boyomo, 

 Teocomo, Yaquimi, and other smaller ones. There is also the Gorazones 

 or Hearts, which is in our possession, down the valley of Senora. 8 



Senora is a river and valley thickly settled by able-bodied people. 

 The women wear petticoats of tanned deerskin, and little sau benitos 

 reaching halfway down the body. 7 The chiefs of the villages go up on 

 some little heights they have made for this purpose, like public criers, 

 and there make proclamations for the space of an hour, regulating 

 those things they have to attend to. They have some little huts for 

 shrines, all over the outside of which they stick many arrows, like a 

 hedgehog. They do this when they are eager for war. All about this 

 province toward the mountains there is a large population in sepa- 

 rate little provinces containing ten or twelve villages. Seven or eight 

 of them, of whicli I know the names, are Coinupatrieo, Mochilagua, 

 Arispa, and the Little Valley. 8 There are others which we did not see. 



It is 40 leagues from Senora to the valley of Suya. The town of Saint 

 Jerome (San Hieronimo) was established in this valley, where there was 



'An account of these people is given in the Trivmphos, lib. 1, cap. ii, p. 6, Andrea Perez de 

 Ribas, S. J. "Estaa [casas] hazian, vnas de varaa do monte hincadasen tierra, eutretexidaa, y atadaa 

 ecu vrjueos, que sou vnas ramas como de carcaparrilla, muy fuertcs, y que duran nuicho tiepo. Laa 

 paredea que hazia con esaa barazon las afortatian run vna torta de barro, para que no laa penetrasse el 

 Sol, ni los vientos, cubriendo la casa con madera, y eiicima tierra, 6 barro, con quo hazian acotea, y con 

 eaao se contentauan. Otros hazian sua caaaa ue petates q ea geuero de esteraa texidaa de caiia 

 taxada." Bandolier found the Opata Indiana living in houses made with " a slight foundation of cob- 

 blestones which supported a framework of posta standing in a thin wall of rough atones and uud, 

 while a slanting roof of yucca or palm leaves covered the whole." — Final Report, pt. i, p. 58. 



2 The meaning of this sentence in the Spanish is not wholly (dear. Ternaux, p. 156: "Cette maniere 

 do batir . . . change dans ei't endroit probablement, paree qu'il n'y a plus d'arbres sana epinea." 



1 The Opuntia tuna or prickly pear. 



4 Vrogopis julijlttra. 



5 Gereua thurberii. 



6 Sonora. 



7 Oviedo, Historia, vol. iii, p. 610 (ed. 1853) : "Todaestagente, dende laa primeras caaaa del maliiz, andan 

 los hombrea muy deshonestos, sin se cobrir cosa alguna tie sus p.-rsonas; <■ las mugerea muy honeatas, 

 con unas aayaa de cueros de venados hasta los pies, 6 con falda que dotraa lea arraatra alguna coaa, 6 

 abiertas por delante hasta el auelo y enlacadaa con unaa correas. 15 traen debaxo, per donde cstan 

 abiertaa, una mantilla de algo^on e otra encima. e unas gorgueraa de algodon, que lea cubreu todos los 

 pechos." 



•Ternaux, pp. 157-158: " une multitude de tribes ii part, rennis en petites nations de aopt on buit, 

 dix ou douze villages, ee sont: Upatrico, Mochila, Gnagaxispa, El Vallecillo, et d'autres qui son pres 

 des montagues." 



