winshtp] TRANSLATION OF CASTANEDA 517 



ing. The rest of the country is all wilderness, covered with pine forests. 

 There are great quantities of the pine nuts. The pines are two or three 

 times as high a* a man before they send out branches. There is a s*ort of 

 oak with sweet acorns, of which they make cakes like sugar plums with 

 dried coriander seeds. It is very sweet, like sugar. Watercress grows 

 in many springs, and there are rosebushes, and pennyroyal, and wild 

 marjoram. 



There are barbels and picoues, 1 like those of Spain, in the rivers of 

 this wilderness. Gray lions and leopards were seen. 2 The country 

 rises continually from the beginning of the wilderness until Cibola is 

 reached, which is S3 leagues, going north. From Culiacan to the edge 

 of the wilderness the route had kept the north on the left hand. 



Cibola' 1 is seveu villages. The largest is called Macaque. 4 The 

 houses are ordinarily three or four stories high, but in Macaque there 

 are houses with four and seven stories. These people are very intelli- 

 gent. They cover their privy parts and all the immodest parts with 

 cloths made like a sort of table napkin, with fringed edges and a tassel 

 at each corner, which they tie over the hips. They wear long robes of 

 feathers and of the skins of hares, and cotton blankets. 5 The women 

 "wear blankets, which they tie or knot over the left shoulder, leaving the 

 right arm out. These serve to cover the body. They wear a neat 

 well-shaped outer garment of skin. They gather their hair over the 

 two ears, making a frame which looks like an old-fashioned headdress. 6 



1 Ternaux (p. 162) succeeded no better than I have in the attempt to identify this fish. 



a Ternaux, p. 162: "A 1 'entree du pays inhabits on rencontre nne espe.ee do lion de couleur fauve." 

 Compare the Spanish test. These were evidently the mountain lion and the wild cat. 



^Albert S. Gatschet, in his Zwdlf Sprachen, p. 106, says that this word is now to be found only in 

 the dialect of the pueblo of Isleta, under the form sibuloda, buffalo. 



4 Matsaki, the ruins of which are at the northwestern base of Thunder mountain. See Bandolier's 

 Final Report, pt. i. p. 133, and Hodge, First Discovered City of Cibola. 



6 The mantles of rabbit hair are still. worn at lloki, but those of turkey plumes are out of use alto- 

 gether. See Bandolier's Final Report, pt. i, pp. 37 and 158. They used also the fiber of the yucca and 

 agave for making clothes. 



6 J. G. Owens, Hopi Natal Ceremonies, in Journal of American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. ii, p. 

 165 n., says : " The dress of the Hopi [Mold, or Tusayan] women consists of a black blanket about 

 3* feet square, folded around the body from the left side. It passes under the left arm and over the 

 right shoulder, being sewed together on the right side, except a hole about 3 inches long near the upper 

 end through which the arm is thrust. This is belted in at the waist by a sash about 3 inches wide. 

 Sometimes, though not frequently, a shirt is worn under this garment, and a piece of muslin, tied 

 together by two adjacent corners, is usually near by, to be thrown over the shoulders. Most of the 

 women have moccasins, which they put on at certain times." 



Gomara, ccxiii, describes the natives of Sibola: " Hazeu con todo esso vnas mantillas de pielea de 

 Conejos, y liebres, y de venados, qnealgodon muy poeo alcancau : calean capatos de cuero, y de inuierno 

 vnas como botas hasta las rodillas. Las mugeres van vestidas de Metl basta en pies, andan cenidas, 

 tremjan los cabellos, y rodeanselos ala cabe^a por sobre las orojas. La tierra es arenosa, y de poco 

 frnto, i-reo q por pereza dellos, piies donde siembran, lleua mayz, frisoles, ealabacas, y frutas, y aim se 

 crian en ella gallipauos, que no se hazen on todos cabos." 



In his Kelacion do Viaje, p. 173, Espejo says of Zuiii: "en esta provincia se visten algunos de los 

 naturales, de mantas de algodon y cueros do las vacas, y de gamuzas aderezadas; y las mantas de algo- 

 don las traen puestas al uso mexicano, eceto que debajo de partes vergonzosas traen unos panos de 

 algodon pintados, y algunos dellos traen oamisas, y las mugeres traen naguas de algodon y mucbas 

 dollas bordadas con hilo de colores, y enciina una inanta como la traen los indios mexicanos, y atada 

 con un paho de manos como toballa labrada, y se lo atan por la cintura con sus borlas, y las naguas 

 Bon que- sirven de faldas de camisa ii raiz de las carnes, y esto cada una lo trae con la mas ventaja que 

 puede; y todos, asi hombres como mujeres, andan calzados con zapatos y botas, las suelas de cuero 



