518 THE CORONADO EXPEDITION, 1540-1542 [kth.ann.14 



This country is a valley between rocky mountains. They cultivate 

 corn, which does not grow very high. The ears start at the very foot, 

 and each large fat stalk bears about 800 grains, something not seen 

 before in these parts. 1 There are large numbers of bears in this prov- 

 ince, and lions, wild-cats, deer, and otter. There are very fine turquoises, 

 although not so many as was reported. They collect the pine nuts each 

 year, and store them up in advance. A man does not have more than 

 one wife. There are estufas or hot rooms in the villages, which are the 

 courtyards or places where they gather for consultation. They do not 

 have chiefs as in New Spain, but are ruled by a council of the oldest men. 2 

 They have priests who preach to them, whom they call papas. 3 These 

 are the elders. They go up on the highest roof of the village and preach 

 to the village from there, like public criers, in the morning while the sun 

 is rising, the whole village being silent and sitting in the galleries to 

 listen. 4 They tell them how they are to live, and I believe that they 

 give certain commandments for them to keep, for there is no drunken- 

 ness among them nor sodomy nor sacrifices, neither do they eat human 

 flesh nor steal, but they are usually at work. The estufas belong to 

 the whole village. It is a sacrilege for the women to go into the estufas 

 to sleep. 5 They make the cross as a sign of peace. They burn their 

 dead, and throw the implements used in their work into the fire with 

 the bodies. 6 



de vacas, y lo de encima de cuero de venado aderezado; las niugereH traeu el cabello muy peinado y 

 bien puestu y con sua moldes quo traen en la cabeza uno de una parte y otro de otra, a donde ponen 

 el cabello con curiosidad sin traer nengun tocado en la cabeza." 



Mota Padilla, xxxii, 4, p. 160: " Los indios son de buenas estaturas, las indias bien dispuestas: traen 

 unas immtas blancas, que las cubren deade los bombros hasta los pics y por estar cerradas, tienen por 

 donde sacar los brazos; asimismo, us an traer sobre las dichas otras niantaa quo so ponen sobre el 

 hombroizquierdo, y el un cabo tercian por debajo del brazo derecbo como capa: estimau en mucbo loa 

 cabellos; y asi, los traen muy peinados, y en una jicara de agua, se miran como en un espejo; par- 

 tense el cabello en dos trenzas, liadas con cintas dealgodon decolores, y en cadalado de la cabeza forman 

 dos ruedas 6 circulos, que dentro de ellos rematan, y dejan la jmnta del cabello levantado como plumaies 

 y en unas tablitas de basta tres dedos, fijan con pegamentos unaa piedras verdes que Hainan chalchi- 

 huites, de que se dice bay minas, como tambien se dice laa bubo cerca de Sombrente. en un real 

 de minas que se nombra Chalchibuites, por esta razon; . . . con dichas piedras forman sorti.jas 

 qne con unos palilloa fijan sobre el cabello como raniillete: son las indias limpias, y se precian de no 

 parecer mal." 



1 lYrnaux, p. 164 : "lea epis partent presque toua du pied, et chaque epi a sept ou buit cents grains, 

 ce que l'on n'avait pas encore vu aux Indes." Tbe meaning of the Spanish is by no means clear, and 

 there are several words in the manuscript which have been omitted in the translation. 



2 Ternaux, p. 164: "ni de conaeila de vieillards." 



3 Papa in the Zufii language signifies "elder brother,'" and may allude either to age or to rank. 



4 I>r J. Walter Fewlaes, in his Few Summer Ceremonials at the Tusayan Pueblos, p. 7, describes the 

 Da'wa-wymp-ki-yaa, a small number of priesta of the sun. Among other dutiea. they pray to the rising 

 sun, whose course they are said to watch, and they prepare offeringa to it. 



Mota Padilla, cap. xxxii, 5, p. 160, aays that at Cibola, "nose vio teniplo alguno, ni ae lea conocioidolo, 

 porlo que se tuvo entendido adoraban al sol y d, la luna, lo que se confirm6, porque una nocbe que 

 hubo un eclipse, alzaron todoa mucba griteria, " 



6 Ternaux, p. 165: " Les etuves sont rares dans ce pays. lis regardent conime un sacrilege que les 

 femmes entrcnt deux :t la i'ois dans un endroit." 



In bis Few Summer Ceremonials at Tusayan, p. 6, Dr Fewkes aaya that "with the exception of 

 their own dancea, women do not take part in the secret kibva [estufa] ceremonials ; but it tan not be 

 eaid that they are debarred entrance as assistants in making the paraphernalia of the dances, or when 

 they are called upon to represent dramatizations of traditions in which women figure.' 



fi Mr Frank Hamilton Cuahing, in the Compte-rendu of tbe Congres International des American- 

 istes, Berlin, 1888, pp. 171-172. speaking of the excavations of "Los Muertus" in southern Arizona, 



