winship] TRANSLATION OF CASTANEDA 525 



Ti-guex, twelve villages. 



Tutaliaco,' eight villages. 



These villages were below the river. 



Quirix, 2 seven villages. 



In the snowy mountains, seven villages. 



Ximena, 3 three villages. 



Cicuye, one village. 



Hemes, 4 seven villages. 



Agnas Calientes, 4 or. Boiling Springs, three villages. 



Yuqueyunque, 5 in the mountains, six villages. 



Valladolid, called Braba, 6 one village. 



Cliia, 7 one village. 



In all, there are sixty-six villages.' Tiguex appears to be in the 

 center of the villages. Valladolid is the farthest up the river toward 

 the northeast. The four villages down the river are toward the south- 

 east, because the river turns toward the east. 9 It is 130 leagues — 10 

 more or less — from the farthest point that was seen down the river to 

 the farthest point up the river, and all the settlements are within this 

 region. Including tbose at a distance, there are sixty-six villages in all, 

 as I have said, and in all of them there may be some 20,000 men, which 

 may be taken to be a fair estimate of the population of the villages. 

 There are no houses or other buildings between one village and another, 

 but where we went it is entirely uninhabited. 10 These people, since they 

 are few, and their manners, government, and habits are so different from 

 all the nations that Lave been seen and discovered in these western 

 regions, must come from that part of Greater India, the coast of which 

 lies to the west of this country, for they could have come down from that 

 country, crossing the mountain chains and following down the river, 

 settling in what seemed to them the best place." As they multiplied, 

 they liave kept on making settlements until they lost tbe river when it 

 buried itself underground, its course being in the direction of Florida. 

 It comes down from the northeast, where they 12 could certainly have 

 found signs of villages. He preferred, however, to follow the reports of 



■For the location of this group of pueblos see page 492, note. 



5 The Queres district, now represented by Santo Domingo, Sail Felipe, Santa Ana, Sia (Castaueda's 

 Cbia), audCocbiti. AeomaandLaguna, to the westward, belong to the same linguistic group. Laguna, 

 however, is a modern pueblo. 



3 One of these was tbe Tano pueblo of Galisteo, as noted on page 523. 



'The Jemes pueblo clusters in San Diego and Guadalupe canyons. See pi. LXX. 



6 The Tewa pueblo of Yugeuingge, where tbe village of Chamita, above Santa Fe, now stands. 



'Taos. 



'The Keres or Queres pueblo of Sia. 



s As Ternaux observes, Castaneda mentions seventy-one. Sia may not have been the only village 

 which he counted twice. 



'••The trend of the river in the section of the old pueblo settlements is really westward. 



10 Compare the Spanish text. 



" The Tusayan Indians belong to the same linguistic stock as the Ute, Comanche, Shosboni, Ban- 

 nock, anil others. The original habitat of the main body of these tribes was in tht* far north, although 

 certain clans of the Tusayan people are of southern origin. See Pow-ell, Indian Linguistic Families, 

 7th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, p. 108. 



12 The Spaniards under Coronado. The translation does not pretend to correct the rhetoric or the 

 grammar of the text. 



