ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT XV 



those near Phcenix and Tempe, and to indicate adobe houses 

 with walls supported by logs and stones, clustered about a 

 central building which served for protection or for ceremonial 

 purposes. Pottery and other objects from these ruins were 

 found to be identical with those from near Casa Grande. It 

 was discovered that tlie ancient people of this valley some- 

 times buried their dead in their houses, but that the larger 

 number were cremated. The calcined houses and ashes of the 

 latter were placed in decorated jars and buried in pyral mounds. 

 Remains of extensive prehistoric irrigating ditches, reservoirs, 

 and terraced gardens show that the ^'alley was extensively 

 farmed in ancient times, and the large number of ruined houses 

 indicate an extensive population. An instructive collection of 

 pottery, beads, shells, and sacrificial objects was obtained from 

 a cave in the mountains north of Pueblo Viejo. 



During a part of his field season Dr Fewkes had the coopera- 

 tion of Mr F. W. Hodge, and during the entire summer the 

 assistance of Dr Walter Houg-li, of the United States National 

 Museum. The researches of Dr Fewkes conducted during- 

 this summer were remarkably successful, both in the extent 

 and value of the collections acquired and in the archseologic 

 and ethnologic data recorded. 



Toward the end of September Mr James Mooney took the 

 field in New Mexico, Texas, and contiguous Mexican .states, for 

 the purpose of collecting, among various tribes, information 

 additional to that obtained among the Kiowa and Kiowa- 

 Apache of Oklahoma concerning the primitive rites in which 

 peyote (moi*e popularly known as "mescal") is used as a nar- 

 cotic and stimulant. Incidentally to this work, Mr Mooney 

 made a brief visit to a series of interesting pueblo ruins, 

 attributed to the neighboring Tevva Indians, on a mesa 12 

 miles west of Espanola, above Santa Fe, on the Rio Grande, in 

 New Mexico. These remains are of considerable local i-epute, 

 but thus far they have not been seriously excavated. 



The Jicarilla Apache, numbering 850, on a reservation in 

 northern New Mexico, were the next object of Mr Mooney's 

 attention. This tribe formerly roamed over the section east of 

 the mountains of New ^lexico, on the headwaters of Arkansas 

 and Canadian rivci-s, luit alHliatcd with tlic Ute rather tluin 



