XVI BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



witli the Plains ti'ibes. It was found that they knew of peyote 

 only throuo-h temporary association with the Mescalero a few 

 years ago, when the two tribes were for a time on one reserva- 

 tion. The Mescalero Apache, numbering 450, on a reservation 

 in southeastern New Mexico, were next visited. These 

 Indians, whose popular name is derived from their use of the 

 "mescal" or peyote, are regarded by the Plains tribes as mas- 

 ters in all that concerns the plant; but from information 

 received through their best informants, as well as from actually 

 witnessing the ceremony, Mr Mooney found the rite to be 

 declining among them, largely through the difficulty of pro- 

 curing the plant in their isolated condition, as it requires five 

 days' journey on horseback to obtain a supply. Mr Mooney 

 discovered a number of Lipan and a few Kiowa- Apache Indians 

 living with the Mescalero. The Lipan were a predatory tribe 

 of eastern Texas, and were almost exterminated some thirty 

 years ago on account of their raiding propensities against 

 both Texas and Mexico. Of the remnant a few are incorjjo- 

 rated with the Tonkawa, a few joined the Mescalero and 

 Kiowa-Apache, while others, probably the larger number, fled 

 to Santa Rosa mountains, in northern Mexico, where they still 

 live. Mr Mooney obtained through the Lipan further infor- 

 mation in regard to several Texan tribes, including the Karan- 

 kawa and Tonkawa, of whom little has been known; and from 

 them also definite information was obtained in regard to the 

 use of jjeyote among the Tarahumari of ]\Iexico. 



Having completed his investigations among the tribes of 

 New Mexico in the early part of December, Mr Mooney 

 devoted attention to the remnants of the Piro, Tiwa, Sunia, 

 and Manso tribes on the Rio Grande below El Paso, in both 

 Texas and Chihuahua. These Indians, now practically Mexi- 

 canized, are the descendants of a large number of natives who 

 were taken by Governor Otermin on his retreat from Santa Fe 

 to El Paso, and settled at their present location during the 

 Pueblo rebellion in 1680. He obtained valuable information 

 in regard to the former status of these people and conducted 

 also some linguistic researches, to which reference will later 

 be made. 



