ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT XXIII 



ration — spn'aclin*^- tVom one untVicndK' tribe to aiiotlicr.' 'I'lie 

 Apache and Fapago tribes have been bitterly ininiieal from 

 time immemorial, the oldest creation le<i'ends of the I'apago 

 describing the separation of the ])eoples in the beginning; yet 

 there is liardl\- a custom among the hitter which has not 

 been shaped partially or completely by the inimical tribe. 

 The habitat of the Papago in the hard desert is that to which 

 they have been forced by the predatory A])ache; the indus- 

 tries of the Papago are shaped bv the conditions of the habitat 

 and bv the i)erpetual anticipation of attack. The trailitions 

 recounted bv the old men are chieHy of battle against the 

 Apache; even the ceremonies and beliefs are connected with 

 that eternal vigilance which they have found the price of 

 safety, and with the wiles and devices of the ever-present 

 enemy. Perhaps the most important element in the accultu- 

 ration is that connected with belief; for to the primitive mind 

 the efficiency of a weapon is not mechanical but mystical (an 

 expression of superphysical potency), and each enemy strives 

 constantly to coax or suborn the beast-gods and potencies of 

 the other; so the Papago warrior went confidently to battle 

 against the A[)ache when protected by a charm or fetish 

 including an Apache arrowpoint taken in coiiflict, and felt 

 assured of victory if his war club was made in imitation of 

 that of the enemy and potentialized by a plume or inscri])tion 

 appealing to the Apache deity. Even later in the scale of 

 development, after the piratical acculturation has become meas- 

 urablv amicable, this factor remains strong, as among the clans 

 of tlie Kwakiutl and some other tribes in Avhich the aim of 

 marriage settlement is the acquisition, not of propertv or kin- 

 dred perse, but of deities and traditions concerning them. 



The general law of piratical acculturation finds iimumeralde 

 examples among the more primitive peoples of the world, and 

 phases of it have been recognized in the proposition that con- 

 quering tribes take the language of the conquered. Other 

 phases have been perceived, e. g., in the hypothesis of primi- 

 tive "marriage bv capture." Various earlier stuilents have 

 noted that actual or ceremonial captiu'e of the bride is a part 



' A preliminary announcement of this work appear? in tlie Ameriean Anthropolo- 

 gist, vol. xi, 1898, pp. 244-249. 



