XL BUREAU OF AMFRICAN ETHNOI.OfiY 



villages; and his paper affonls an excellent illustration of the 

 combination of prehistoric tradition and observational data 

 in the inteqjretation of relics, and thence in the tracing of 

 unwritten history. 



In every stage of culture there is an unexpressed basis for 

 knowledge of the kind usually conveyed by tradition or liter- 

 ature — a basis unstated merely because a commonplace of cur- 

 rent thought. In civilization the unexpressed basis comprises 

 the existence of nations and cities, the recognition of church 

 and state, etc; and no student would deem it worth while to 

 demonstrate the existence of these connnonly accepted things — 

 thev are mere matters of fact from the view-point of civiliza- 

 tion. Similarly, there are accepted commonplaces in barbarism 

 and in savagery; and no barbarian or savage thinks of explain- 

 ing these in any descriptive account — they are too evident from 

 his point of view to require statement, or even to receive 

 ajjpreciative thought. Yet when the representative of any 

 culture grade seeks to understand the habits or history per- 

 taining to any other culture grade he finds it necessary to 

 acquire the point of view pertaining to that culture grade; and 

 when he seeks to convey his knowledge to others of his own 

 grade he finds it necessary to begin with the commonplaces of 

 the other. So, in describing the migrations of a pueblo people, 

 Dr Fewkes naturally and necessarily devotes lai-ge space to the 

 distinctive social organization of their culture grade: for the 

 migrations were made and are kept in mind wholly in terms of 

 this organization, and would not be comprehensible either to 

 the ])eople themselves or to others unless described in these 

 terms. The social organization of the Tusayan people is typ- 

 ical and well worthy of statement in itself; but the application 

 of clanship in tracing tribal movements, and in elucidating and 

 intei-preting relics, gives a special significance to the clans and 

 their relations. 



It has for some time been known that the pueblo peoples are 

 highly composite; and Dr Fewke.s's contribution marks a note- 

 worth}' step toward knowledge of the antecedents of both peo- 

 jdes and culture. 



