administrative report xli 



Localization of 'I'xtsaya\ Clans 



Just as Dr Frwkt-s tViuiid it iic(H'ssar\' to ilcliuc tlie 'l'usa> an 

 clans with considerable fulness in order to explain the mio^ra- 

 tions, so Mr Mindeleff tound it needful to set forth tlie luigra- 

 tions of the trilje as a l)asis for tlic description of cei'tain 

 customs connected with the consan<iuineal orji'anizatioii charac- 

 teristic of primitive culture. The descri])tion is based on the 

 observations of tlic late A. M. Stephen, in 1.S83, supplemented 

 by those of Mr Mindeleff, in 1888: and the account is com- 

 plemented in a useful wav }>\ the Fewkes records of 18<J9. 

 Accordingly the ol)servations of tlu^ three students at inter\als 

 covering- nearly two decades combine in nuitual corroboration, 

 and at the same time serve to indicate the trend and rate of 

 social chang-e in Tnsa\an under the influences of modern 

 contact. 



I'he chief value of Mr Mindeleff''s paper lies in its demonstra- 

 tion of the persistence of clans from new data. It has long' been 

 recognized that in tribal society, comprising savagery and bar- 

 barism, the clan, or gens, is the dominant social institution, the 

 very foundation of society; it is accordingly quite in keeping 

 with current knowledge to find that in the nuitations of mig-ra- 

 tory life the clan outlasts the tribe, just as it outhves tlie indi- 

 vidual and tliefamih-; \-et it is of no small interest to find tliat 

 even in the settled life of the ])uel)los the clan bonds vie in 

 strength witli those of stone and adobe, and shape, more fre- 

 quently than tliey are shaped by, the building of cities. 

 Accordingl}" the clan (piai-ters of Tusayaii fall into line with 

 the featm-es of "The Ancient City," as brought out by Fustel 

 de Coulanges, and afford parallels with certain featui-es of 

 European and Asian towns developed in coimection with 

 guilds; yet special interest attaches to the Tusa\an clan (piar- 

 ters ])y reason of the pi'imitiveness and simplicity of the rela- 

 tion l)etween social law and iiudioate municipal regulation. 



Mounds in Northern Honduras 



Accidents of settlement early in the centurv gave rise to the 

 idea of a distinctive "mound region" in the Mississi})pi valh-y. 



