LVIII BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



a house, and it may be large if we wisli to throw it as a missile; 

 but the property remains the same. An hour seems a short 

 time when I am thinking- about a journey to California, but 

 seems a long time to endure pain; yet the property remains 

 the same. The fall of a spark from a passing engine seems 

 but a trivial cause when I consider the soiling of my garment, 

 but it seems to be an important cause when I consider it as 

 igniting a forest tire; yet the property remains the same. An 

 earthquake seems to produce but a slight effect when I observe 

 it simply as a tremor, but when I consider it in the ruin of a 

 city it appears to have a stupendous eftect, though the property 

 remains the same. I see a man ^<lyly approaching a wall, and 

 believe him to be a thief, and I have a judgment of evil; if I 

 know that he intends to scale the wall in defense of his country 

 I believe him to be patriotic and brave; thus the same act may 

 be cowardly and vile or patriotic and brave from different 

 23oints of view. 



Properties belong to things in themselves, but qualities exist 

 in the mind as properties are viewed in relation to human 

 designs. Qualities are relations, and the terms of the relation 

 are properties on the one hand and purposes on the other. 

 Now, we can not expunge either of these terms witliout expung- 

 ing the relation. We may not overtly consider the terms, but 

 consider only the relation as an abstraction. Tlien the terms 

 must be implied, for there is no quality unless there is an exter- 

 nal property and an internal purpose. When properties are 

 considered as qualities in their relation to lunnau purposes the 

 judgments formed are judgments of good and evil. The judg- 

 ments which men form of good and evil give rise to a multi- 

 tude of human activities which are known iis the arts. Those 

 activities which are put forth to secure pleasure and to a\'oid 

 ])ain are esthetic arts, ;nid the science of the esthetic arts is 

 esthetology. 



We discover the properties of tilings as causes through our 

 senses, and we discover the effect of these properties on our- 

 selves through our feelings. One term of the relation, there- 

 fore, is discovered by making intellectual judgments; the other 

 term is discovered l)v juaking emotional judgnnents. 



