LXIV BX'REAU OF AMKKICAN KTHNOLOGY 



8ubiert to the care of its elders, the infant is not called on for 

 industrial activity, for its physical wants are supplied by 

 others. While it is yet gaining its powers for utility, they nve 

 trained and expanded for pleasure. So the whelps of the lion 

 play in the jungle, the fawns of the stag are gleeful in the 

 glade, and lads and lassies are meriy when they join in the dance. 



A controversy has grown np in relation to those athletic 

 plays which are here called sports, for we distinguish sports 

 from another group of plays of which we are to treat hereafter 

 as games. Sports are athletic activities, games are intellectual 

 activities; sports develop from mimicry to rivalry, games 

 develop from dependence on sorcery for success to dependence 

 on skill for success. Now, if we understand the distinction 

 between sports and games we are better i^repared to nnder- 

 stand the nature of sports themselves. Sports and games alike 

 are activities, and the distinction which we draw between 

 energy and activity has been set forth in the work to which 

 reference has already been given; but an additional remark 

 has now to be made. 



Activity is that form of force which is controlled or directed 

 by the mind, while energy is a form of force which is con- 

 trolled or directed by another form of force, which is also 

 energy. Energy involves action and passion as well as action 

 and reaction. Action and passion are phenomena of force; 

 action and reaction are phenomena of causation, action being 

 cause and reaction being effect. In energ}- two or more bodies 

 external to one another impinge upon one another and produce 

 changes in one another. In activity one body has its path 

 directed by the internal collision of its particles; activity is 

 thus inherent onl}^ in animal bodies in which metabolism is 

 controlled by the mind in such manner that the bod}- itself 

 may change its own ])ath. The body itself has a degree of 

 freedom to move to and fro in its hierarchal path b}- its own 

 initiative. A stone can not move from the hill to the valley 

 unless it is acted on by some other external force, when both 

 the external body and the stone itself will have their paths 

 changed; but the animal body may pass from the liill to the 

 valley and back again b^- its own initiative. Not that it can add 



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