ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT LXVII 



body endowed with pain as an essential, or is pain also the 

 child of experience ? In order that we may examine this sul)- 

 ject somewhat critically, it becomes necessary to repeat In-iefly 

 that which has been set forth more elaborately in a former 

 work. There we begin with the definition of conscionsness, 

 inference, and veritication. Consciousness is awareness of 

 self, inference is awareness of the cause of the change in self, 

 and veritication is proof of the inference by expei'ience. Now, 

 we must especially call attention to the fact that the term con- 

 sciousness is used only to signify awareness of self, and that 

 it is not used to signify cognition. Witli this understanding 

 we are prepared to proceed with tlie exposition. If we are 

 conscious of })liysical pain, instead of cognitive, then pain 

 itself is an essential; but if we are only cognitive of pain, it 

 arises from inference and verification. 



It is a well-attested fact that a soldier receiving a musket- 

 ball wound in battle maA" be so occupied with other occurring 

 events — so intent upon the progress of the battle — that the 

 wound itself may be unobserved and no pain for the time 

 experienced. Then pain is not an essential inherent in ani- 

 mate matter itself, but something which arises from the point 

 of view. It is within the experience of many men, perhaps 

 all, that various injuries may be experienced without at once 

 arising in consciousness, and that pain supervenes only oii the 

 cognition of the evil. 



Again, physical pain grows with the experience of the indi- 

 vidual. That which was a slight pain in childhood becomes 

 an intense pain in adult life. lu the history of races, bestial 

 and human, pain becomes greater with culture. The pains nf 

 lesions and bruises grow with developing culture; the pains 

 of ]iarturition increase as society liecomes more refined, more 

 highly developed in culture. From these and a multitude of 

 considerations which the contemplating mind will recall, it is 

 made plain that |)hvsical pains, like all oui- pains, arc deri- 

 vative; that we have no conscidusness of pain when that term 

 is strictly used, but we have cognition of pain. 



We have seen how cognition ])ecomes intuitive by heredi- 

 tary transmis.sion. From the earliest tribal life to the highest 



