LXVIII BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



state of culture the way is long and tlie years are counted by 

 millions. J]very animate individual in all this time has 

 experienced the effects of lesions and bruises, until the concept 

 has been woven into the constitution of mankind by experi- 

 ence, and the intuition is jjerfected through verified judgments. 

 It is unnecessary for the man to pass through a complex ratio- 

 cination for the purpose of discovering this variety. x\ trivial 

 accident may befall a soldier in line of battle, which he inter- 

 prets as a wound; he hears the coming of the shell from a 

 piece of field artillery, it strikes the ground and scatters its 

 fragments broadcast, together with chips and gravel. A bit of 

 wood strikes the soldier; he interprets it as a fragment of shell, 

 has the illusion of being wounded, and feels the pain aud 

 expresses all the agony which a real wound niay actually pro- 

 duce. Animate matter is not endowed with an essential of 

 physical pain, but it develops pain by cognition of effects. 



In the evolution of sports we discover a develo])ment from 

 individual and unorganized multiple activities in many indi- 

 viduals to organized activities, in which special acti\'ities are 

 assumed for specisil purjioses, all so differentiated and inte- 

 grated as to accomplish a desired end. A hundred savages, 

 men, women, and children, will join in a dance to revolve in a 

 circle bv uniform and rhythmic steps, and everyone moves 

 like every other one. But a game of baseball is organized so 

 that every player has a particular function to perform which 

 differs from the functions of all the others. This law of the 

 org'anization of sports is universal. 



Games 



We now reach the fourth group of acti vital pleasures ; these 

 are games played in rivalry of skill and chance. Games have 

 their root in sorcery, as it is practiced by wildwood man. It 

 seems that at tii-st arrows or arrowheads are the pieces played — 

 the pawns, knights, castles, kings, and queens of the game, or 

 the cards upon which the actors are painted. In the wide 

 geographical realm of tribal man many of these games are 

 discovered, but they have common elements — that is, they are 

 founded on luiiversal concepts, and everywhere in this stage 



