LXXII BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



Harmo))}! — In a succeeding stage of society, which we call 

 the monarchical stage, or the tyrant stage, when tribal society 

 was developed into national society, music made another 

 advance h\ tlie introduction of a new element of pleasure. As 

 these new elements appear from time to time in the course of 

 human culture, it must he remembered that thev do not come 

 into view fully Hedged, but that germs planted in the primor- 

 dial uuisic slowly develop until they become recognized as 

 elements of such importance that they receive designed devel- 

 opment by music makers. The new element added to nuisic 

 in this stage of culture is harmony. Now, there existed in 

 primitive music the germ of harmony wliich, in the progress 

 of the centuries, came to be considered by men of such 

 importance that special efforts were made to iinprove that 

 fullv recognized element itself. When nuisic was Init rhythm, 

 there was a germ of harmony in it, for the waning sound 

 would blend with the waxing sound, and the succession of 

 sounds that Ijecome melodious also become harmonious; but 

 more than this, in folk chant tlie voices of men and women 

 differ in ])itch, and still other differences arise in the comming- 

 ling (if children's voices. When nuisic became melod\', the 

 bonds which held it to tlie dance were broken and melody 

 was mamed to song as chant was married to dance, but song 

 music was especially adapted to the development of harmony, 

 because it became choral music; doubtless song-g were sung 

 by individuals for their amusement, and as solos for the amuse- 

 ment of otliers, but when many join in the song we liave choral 

 music. Thus the blending of tones in melody becomes at 

 last the blending of tones in harmony. The pleasure derived 

 from harmony does not inhere in sounds themsehes; sounds 

 are colorless to the ear. The spoken word is but sound until 

 it is informed with a meaning; so sound as sound has no jiower 

 to create emotion until it is informed witli^ an emotional mean- 

 ing, and liarmony is developed as a ])leasure only by long 

 experience. Perfect evidence of this is furuislied through the 

 iiKidern and scientific investigation of folk music. Botli the 

 mclddx and the harmony of different races differ in the inter- 

 vals of pitch exhibited in their music. Tliis is ]jroof that all 



