LXXIV BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOOY 



other instruments are made to play subsidiary melodies in 

 harmony with the lending melody. As the melodies pass in 

 sufoession, a new theme is (^•hosen for the leading- melody, and 

 thus there is a succession of themes. 



This elementary statement seems to be necessary tliat we 

 may properly understand the evolution of luusic and the 

 derivative character of the pleasures which it produces; for 

 symphonic music is pleasino- because harmonic music is pleas- 

 ing, but in a higher degree ; liarmonic music is pleasing because 

 melodic music is pleasing, but in a liigher degree; melodic 

 nmsic is pleasing because rhythmic music is pleasing, but in a 

 hio-hei' de^'ree. 



In music, as in architecture, the pleasure is developed by 

 differentiating and integrating the elements — that is, by higher 

 and higher organization. 



GRAPHIC ART 



We must now consider the nature of graphic art and its evo- 

 lution througli the four stages of cultiu'e wliicli wv. have 

 denominated the hnuter stage, the shepherd stage, the tyrant 

 stage, and the freedom stage. 



Scidpfnre — Hunter man carves images of various objects in 

 wood, shell, bone, and stone; he also molds such forms in clay. 

 This is the first form of graphic art as discovered in ethnol- 

 ogy', which is the science of tribal culture. Now, there is a 

 special motive in this stage of society urging men to excel- 

 lence in primitive sculpture. Much of the time of wildwood 

 men, or men of the hunter stage, is devoted to religious activ- 

 ities. Dancing is always a religious activity with jjrimitive 

 men, and it is the primeval system of worsliip. But to this 

 element another is added, that of representing to the gods 

 the desires of men; for this purpose an elaborate system ot 

 representation is developed. The gods worshiped are the ani- 

 mals, but all tilings known to wildwood men are animals. 

 The celestial bodies are animals traveling in a path along the 

 firmament, from east to west, where they turn again to find 

 their way underground to tlie east. All rocks are animals 

 fixed to the earth by magic or scattered loosely upon the earth, 



