MOOSEY] FIRST TRKATY WITH SOI'TH CAROLrNA ]fiS4 .^1 



village on Dan river, about the present Clarksvillo. Virtfinia. a dele<ja- 

 tioii of Rickahockun, which had come on trilial Ijusiness, was barba- 

 rously uuirdeiedat a dance prepared on the night of their arrival by 

 their treacherous hosts. On reaching the Catawba country he lieai'd 

 t)f white men to the southward, and incidentally mentions that tiie 

 neighboring mountains were called the Suala mountains l)y the Span- 

 iards.' In the next year, l(i71. a party from Virginia under Thomas 

 Batts explored the northern branch of Roanoke ri\er and crossed 

 over the Blue ridge to the headwaters of New river, where they found 

 trace.s of occupancy. I)ut no Indians. By this time all the tribes of 

 this section, east of the mountains, were in possession of firearms." 



The first permanent English settlement in South Carolina was estab- 

 lished in 1670. In lt)90 James Moore, secretary of the colony, made 

 an exploritig expedition into the mountains and reached a point at 

 which, according to his Indian guides, he was within twenty miles of 

 where the Spaniards were engaged in mining and smelting with bel- 

 lows and furnaces. l)ut on account of some misunderstanding he 

 returned without visiting the place, although he procured specimens 

 of ores, which he sent to England for assay.' It may have ])een in the 

 neighborhood of the present Lincolnton, North Carolina, where a dam 

 of cut stone and other remains of former civilized occupancy lia\ c 

 recently been discovered (11). In this year^^also, Cornelius Dougherty, 

 an Irishman from Virginia, established himself as the first trader 

 among the Cherokee, with whom he spent the rest of his life.* Some 

 of his descendants still occu])v iionored positions in the tribe. 



Among the manuscri])t archives of South Carolina there was said to 

 be. some tifty years ago. :^ treaty or agreement made with the gov(>rn- 

 ment of that colony liy the C-herokee in 1684. and signed with the 

 hieroglyphics of eight chiefs of the lower towns, viz. Corani. tlu' 

 Raven (Kii'lanu); Sinnawa, the Ilawk (Tla'nuwa); Nellawgitehi; (ioi-- 

 haleke. and Owasta, all of Toxawa: and Canacaught, the great Con- 

 juror. Gohoma. and Cannasaita. of Keowa. If still in existence, tliis 

 is probably the oldest Cherokee treaty on r(>cord.' 



What seems to !»' the next mention of the Cherokee in the South 

 Cai'f)lina records occurs in ItiHl, when we tind an inquiry ordered in 

 regard to a rep<)rt that some of the colonists '"have, without any ])roc- 

 lamation of war. fallen upon and murdered" several of that tribe.'' 



In 1693 some Cherokee cliiefs went to Charleston with presents for 

 the governor and oliers of fri(Midship. to ask the protection of South 

 Carolina again.st their enemies, the Ksinv (Catawba), Savanna (Shawano), 



' Leilerer, .lohn. Discoveries, pp. 15, 2(1. 27. 29. :!3. and map; reprint. Chnrleston. 18SI1; Mcumey. sioimn 

 Tribe.s of the Ea.>;t (bulletin of Bureau of Ethnology i. pp. i'i-bi, 18»4. 

 2Mooney, op. cit.. pp. 34-3.5. 



"Dooument of 1699. quoteil in South Carolina Hist. Soo. Colls., i. p. 209: Chnrle.ston. I.s.i7. 

 « Haywood. Nat. and .\borig. Hist. Tennessee, p. 2.33. 1S23. 

 f- Noted in Cherokee .\dvoeate. Tahlequali. Indian Territory. .Tanuary 30, 1845. 

 •'Document of 1C91. South Carolinti Hist. 8oe. Colls., I. p. 120. 



