MooNEY] RKNEWAL OF WAR lTi)2 71 



-, ami tn Hnlstiiii. I -jhoiilil Ikijh' that you wouM travel U))\var(ls ni twenty 



miles each ilay, ami that you woulil reach Holston in about thirty days.' 



Tho joiiriicy, which sciuiipd then .so lono', was to he iiiaclc hy wag-oiis 

 from Philadelphia to tho hoadof navij^ation on Ilol.stoii river, thence by 

 boats to the Cherokee towns. Shaw seems to have taken up his resi- 

 dence at Ustanali, which had superseded Eciiota as the Cherokee capital. 

 We hear of him as present at a council thcM-e in June of the same year, 

 with no evidence of unfriendliness at his presence." The friendly feel- 

 ing was of short continuance, however, for a few months lattu- we find 

 him writing' from l^stanali to (xovernor Blount that on account of the 

 aggressive hostility of the Creeks, whose avowed intention was to kill 

 every white man they met, he was not safe 50 yards from the house. 

 Soon afterw'ards the Chickamauga towns again declared war, on which 

 account, together with rencAved threats by the Creeks, he was advised 

 by the Cherokee to leave Ustanali, which he did early in Sept(>ml)er, 

 179^, proceeding to the home of Genera! Pickens, near Seneca, South 

 Carolina, escorted by a guard of friendly Cherokee. In the follow- 

 ing winter he was dismissed from the service on serious charges, and 

 his mission appears to have been a failure.' 



To prevent an alliance of the Cherokee, Creeks, and other south- 

 ern Indians with the confederated hostile northern tribes, the govern- 

 ment had endeavored to persuade the former to furnish a conting(Mit 

 of warriors to act with the army against the northern Indians, and 

 special instruction had been given to Shaw to use his efforts for this 

 result. Nothing, however, came of the attempt. St Clair's defeat 

 turned the scale against the United States, and in September, 1792, 

 the Chickamauga towns formally declared war.* 



In November of this year the governor of Georgia officially reported 

 that a party of lawless Georgians had gone into the Cherokee Nation, 

 and had there Ijurned a town and barbarously killed three Indians, 

 while about the same tiiue two other Cherokee had been killed within 

 the settlements. Fearing retaliation, he ordered out a patrol of troops 

 to guard th(> frontier in that direction, and sent a contdliatory letter to 

 the chi(>fs, expressing his regret for what hsid happened. No answer 

 was returned to the message, but a fe\v days later an entire family was 

 found nuirdercd — four women, three children, and n young man- all 

 scalped and mangled and with arrcjws stii'king in the Ixxlies, while, 

 according to old Indian war custom, two war clubs were left upon 



1 Henry Knox, Secretary of War, Instructions to Leonard Shaw, temporary agent to the Cherokee 

 Nation of Indians. February 17, 17'/_>, in American State Papers: Indian Affairs, i, 217, l.S,32; also Knox, 

 letters to Governor Blount, .lanuary 31 and February Id, 1792, ibid., pp. 2-1.'), 2J(1. 



- Estanaula conference report, June 2(). 1792, ibid., p. 271; Dcraqne, deposition, .September Ih. 17y2, 

 ibid., p. 292: Pickens, letter, September 12, 17',I2. ibid., p. 317. 



3See letters of Shaw, Casey, Pickens, and Bloinit, 17'J2-9a, ibid., pp. 277, 278, :il7, 436, .137, 4-10. 



*Knox. instructions to Shaw, February 17, 1792, ibid., p. 247; lilount, letter, March 20, 1792, ibid., 

 p. 263: Knox, letters, October 9, 1792, ibid., pp. 261, 262. 



